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Optical gas sensing is one of the fastest developing research areas in laser spectroscopy. Continuous development of new coherent light sources operating especially in the Mid-IR spectral band (QCL—Quantum Cascade Lasers, ICL—Interband Cascade Lasers, OPO—Optical Parametric Oscillator, DFG—Difference Frequency Generation, optical frequency combs, etc.) stimulates new, sophisticated methods and technological solutions in this area. The development of clever techniques in gas detection based on new mechanisms of sensing (photoacoustic, photothermal, dispersion, etc.) supported by advanced applied electronics and huge progress in signal processing allows us to introduce more sensitive, broader-band and miniaturized optical sensors. Additionally, the substantial development of fast and sensitive photodetectors in MIR and FIR is of great support to progress in gas sensing. Recent material and technological progress in the development of hollow-core optical fibers allowing low-loss transmission of light in both Near- and Mid-IR has opened a new route for obtaining the low-volume, long optical paths that are so strongly required in laser-based gas sensors, leading to the development of a novel branch of laser-based gas detectors. This Special Issue summarizes the most recent progress in the development of optical sensors utilizing novel materials and laser-based gas sensing techniques.

laser flow meter --- Pitot tube --- flow speed --- time of flight --- dilution method --- flow simulation --- flow turbulence --- gas sensing applications --- MEMS --- gas sensor --- photoacoustics --- cantilever --- capacitive detection --- analytic model --- infrared imaging --- multispectral and hyperspectral imaging --- air pollution monitoring --- remote sensing and sensors --- spectroscopy --- fourier transform --- image processing --- laser gas analyzer --- flux measurement --- eddy covariance method --- derivative absorption spectroscopy --- gas sensors --- antiresonant hollow core fibers --- laser spectroscopy --- wavelength modulation spectroscopy --- tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy --- photothermal spectroscopy --- photoacoustic spectroscopy --- fiber gas sensors --- mid-infrared --- quantum cascade detector --- high-speed operation --- heterodyne detection --- high-resolution spectroscopy --- isotopic ratio --- frequency comb --- Vernier spectroscopy --- refractometry --- pressure --- short-term performance --- Fabry–Perot cavity --- gas modulation --- modulation techniques --- metrology --- integrated sensors --- waveguides --- absorption spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- gas sensing --- femtosecond laser micromachining --- microchannel fabrication --- microstructured fibers --- photoacoustic --- pressure transducer --- wafer-level --- CO2 --- combined NIR/MIR laser absorption --- laser multiplexing in a mid-IR single-mode fiber --- simultaneous multispecies (CO, CO2, H2O) in situ measurements