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Peatlands --- Bogs --- Peat --- Tourbières --- Tourbe
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Peatlands are formed in limited areas and have significant effects on our planet. As a result of their use peatlands are continually shrinking on a daily basis. This edited book, Peat, is intended to provide an overview of different perspectives of peat material in relevant disciplines. We hope that this book will contribute to the expectations and needs of all relevant disciplines that share their findings for future research.
Peat bogs. --- Peat beds --- Peat moors --- Bogs --- Peatlands --- Life Sciences --- Soil Science --- Ecosystem --- Environmental Sciences
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This book represents a Special Issue collection called: “Optimising Soilless Culture Systems and Alternative Growing Media to Current Used Materials”. Nine original papers, one review, and an Editorial from 41 authors from different countries were published in this Special Issue. New strategies and technologies, including new sustainable raw materials, should be continually developed to solve specific cultivation limitations, optimise existing systems, reduce related environmental impacts, and address the impacts of climate change.
suppressiveness --- Trichoderma harzianum --- peat --- compost --- substrate --- Vaccinium corymbosum --- container --- ammonium uptake --- southern highbush blueberry --- organic fertilizer --- hydroponic --- ribotypes --- vermicompost leachate --- Spinacia oleracea --- substrates --- soilless culture systems --- photosynthetic pigments --- phenols --- flavonoids --- ascorbic acid --- DPPH --- FRAP --- Aquaponics --- soilless cucumber --- leachate pH --- cucumber yield --- peat substitute --- growing media --- decision tree --- feasibility --- heather --- cattail --- reed --- alder --- peat reduction --- cascade hydroponics --- basil --- salinity --- amino acids --- nutrients --- root restriction --- nutrient solution --- irrigation frequency --- rootzone temperature --- oxygenation --- vapour pressure deficit --- lighting --- rootzone pH --- root exudates --- CO2 --- plant-microorganism relationships --- NH4+ --- NO3− --- nitrification --- Q10 --- modeling --- greenhouse gases --- greenhouse --- organic substrates --- carotenoids --- phenolic compounds --- carbon dioxide --- nitrous oxide --- methane --- N2O --- CH4 --- n/a
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Soil animals --- Soil biology --- Soil animals. --- Soil biology. --- Soil --- Animals --- Soil. --- Animals. --- Biology --- Natural history --- Soil fauna --- Compost animals --- Animalia --- Animal --- Metazoa --- Humus --- Soils --- Peat --- Periodicals --- Life Sciences --- Zoology --- soil biodiversity --- soil biology --- soil organisms --- soil ecology --- soil ecosystem functions
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Agricultural practices involving the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides pose major risks to the environment and to human health. The development and adoption of sustainable ecofriendly agricultural management to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agricultural Practices—Impact on Soil Quality and Plant Health” is a collection of 10 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and its positive impact on soil quality. The content of this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics, including the use of beneficial soil microbes, intercropping, organic farming and its effects on soil bacteria and nutrient stocks, application of plant-based nematicides and zeolite amendments, sustainability in CH4 emissions, and the effect of irrigation, fertilization, and environmental conditions as well as land suitability on crop production.
natural substances --- nematicidal --- root-knot nematodes --- oregano --- soil amendments --- basic substances --- PCA --- land capability --- crop suitability --- GIS --- NWCE --- Egypt --- microbial inoculants --- soil enzyme activities --- soil microbes --- 16S rRNA --- planting pattern --- soil chemical properties --- soil microbial community --- genotype × environment interaction --- maize --- yield --- soil amelioration --- resource use efficiency --- water conservation --- nutrient retention --- heavy metal toxicity --- Cucumis melo L. --- chemical composition --- cultivar --- drip irrigation --- fruit quality --- long term field experiment --- sustainable crop production --- nutrient balances --- legume nutrition --- drained peat --- greenhouse gas --- global warming --- organic soil --- pineapple --- water table --- AMF --- enzyme activity --- microbial communities --- PGPR --- plant growth --- PLFAs --- n/a
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Afforestation/reforestation (or forestation) has been implemented worldwide as an effective measure towards sustainable ecosystem services and addresses global environmental problems such as climate change. The conversion of grasslands, croplands, shrublands, or bare lands to forests can dramatically alter forest water, energy, and carbon cycles and, thus, ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, and water quality improvement). Large-scale afforestation/reforestation is typically driven by policies and, in turn, can also have substantial socioeconomic impacts. To enable success, forestation endeavors require novel approaches that involve a series of complex processes and interdisciplinary sciences. For example, exotic or fast-growing tree species are often used to improve soil conditions of degraded lands or maximize productivity, and it often takes a long time to understand and quantify the consequences of such practices at watershed or regional scales. Maintaining the sustainability of man-made forests is becoming increasingly challenging under a changing environment and disturbance regime changes such as wildland fires, urbanization, drought, air pollution, climate change, and socioeconomic change. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on case studies of the drivers, dynamics, and impacts of afforestation/reforestation at regional, national, or global scales. These new studies provide an update on the scientific advances related to forestation. This information is urgently needed by land managers and policy makers to better manage forest resources in today’s rapidly changing environments.
simulation modeling --- shear strength --- stand structure --- vegetation restoration --- surface runoff --- soil and water conservation function --- soil enzymes --- riverbank --- evapotranspiration --- human activity --- afforestation --- Artemisia ordosica --- forest cover --- precipitation variation --- soil bioengineering --- base flow --- Poyang Lake Basin --- in situ calibration --- quantification --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- photoprotection --- remote sensing --- root distribution --- ecosystem model --- CASA --- afforestation ecosystem --- phenophase --- vegetation cover change --- soil characteristics --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. mixed plantations --- composted pine bark --- water-energy balance --- sediment load --- soil respiration --- energy partitioning --- soil microbial biomass --- transpiration --- net primary productivity --- spatio-temporal scales --- seedling quality --- peat moss --- fresh pine sawdust --- understory plants --- ring-porous trees --- different climatic conditions --- dye tests --- structural equation model --- Loess Plateau --- evapotranspiration (ET) --- Pinus engelmannii Carr. --- empirical statistics --- heat dissipation probes --- MODIS --- slope change ratio of cumulative quantities (SCRCQ) --- soil water balance --- LAI --- climate fluctuation --- BTOPMC model --- living brush mattress --- vegetation greening --- streamflow
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The risk of physical accident or injury to humans from horses is well understood. Now, there is increasing awareness of negative impacts on the physical and mental wellbeing of horses from living in fundamentally human environments and being subject to human management regimes. The 17 articles in this collection describe horse-related risks to humans and human-related risks to horses across a range of equestrian disciplines, sectors and activities. Not only do the authors take detailed approaches towards describing and calculating risk, they suggest solutions-focussed interventions for reducing the consequence and likelihood of harm to horses and humans in their relations with one another. Together, these important articles provide strategies for maximising the mutual benefits of humans and horses in each other’s lives. By considering human, animal and environmental aspects of horse-related risk, this collection provides a foundation for the development of an ‘Equestrian One Health’ framework to underpin future research into horse-related risks.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Animals & society --- horse-riding --- risk --- mitigation --- culture --- research --- review --- safety --- behavior change --- eque-culture --- motivator --- equestrian --- horse --- injury --- helmet --- online forum --- barriers --- enablers --- injury prevention --- horse-rider --- road safety --- decision-making vehicle --- Australia --- jockey --- economic --- costs --- insurance --- horse-related --- accident --- student --- education --- veterinary --- bedding material --- respiratory health --- peat --- wood shaving --- thoroughbred --- horse-racing --- steeplechase --- hurdles --- animal-human relationships --- media --- public debate --- horse stable --- management --- web tool --- transport --- journey duration --- season --- human–horse risk --- context-specificity --- attention --- cognitive error --- self-reference --- horses --- eventing --- falls --- riders --- human−animal relationships --- human−horse relationships --- protective behavior --- equestrians --- horse-related accidents --- safety equipment --- multiple regression analysis --- ethology --- equitation science --- learning theory --- behaviour change --- fireworks --- anxiety --- behaviour --- fear --- people --- WHS --- deaths --- workplace --- horse racing
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This Special Issue “Recent Advances and Future Trends in Pavement Engineering” was proposed and organized to present recent developments in the field of innovative pavement materials and engineering. The 12 articles and state-of-the-art reviews highlighted in this editorial are related to different aspects of pavement engineering, from recycled asphalt pavements to alkali-activated materials, from hot mix asphalt concrete to porous asphalt concrete, from interface bonding to modal analysis, and from destructive testing to non-destructive pavement monitoring by using fiber optics sensors. This Special Issue partly provides an overview of current innovative pavement engineering ideas that have the potential to be implemented in industry in the future, covering some recent developments.
laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) --- pavements --- vibration measurement --- noise floor --- modal analysis --- peat --- asphalt --- rheology --- drainage --- wet process --- rutting --- hot mix asphalt --- recycled asphalt --- RAP gradation --- ignition test --- FTIR --- ESEM --- transverse profile analysis --- trenching --- coring --- hot-mix asphalt --- flow number --- effective binder content --- air voids --- voids in mineral aggregates --- voids filled with asphalt --- asphalt content --- fiber optics sensors (FOS) --- fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors --- falling weight deflectometer (FWD) --- permeable pavements --- porous asphalt concrete --- polymeric transparent binder --- synthetic aggregates --- urban pavements --- urban runoff --- hot mix asphalt dynamic modulus --- principal component analysis --- linear regression modeling --- artificial neural network --- receiver operating characteristic --- optimization --- complex modulus --- fatigue cracking --- permanent deformation --- thermal cracking resistance --- paving blocks --- alkali-activated materials --- waste powders --- recycled materials --- moisture damage --- surface free energy components --- cohesion --- binder–aggregate adhesion --- asphalt pavement --- interface bonding --- shear reaction modulus --- numerical analysis --- falling weight deflectometer --- FOS --- FBG
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Dear colleagues, Geological energy has a long history in China. As early as 500 BC, China began to use coal as fuel. In the middle of the 19th century, China began to develop oil resources. After the foundation of new China, with the discovery of the Daqing oilfield, China's oil industry entered an era of great development. During the 21st century, with the development of drilling technology, the development of unconventional energy such as shale gas and shale oil has entered a new era. In recent years, the development of flammable ice has set off a wave of clean energy. With the carbon reduction plan proposed by the Chinese government, clean geo-energy has been granted unparalleled development space in the future. China's geo-energy development technology used to lag behind that of major developed countries for a long time, but after years of development, it has become the world's leading edge in some fields. Therefore, we specially set up this collection to collect China's advanced geo-energy exploitation technology and development trends, whilst providing some new directions for thinking about geo-energy development in China and even the world. This collection seeks to contribute to such topics through enhanced scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge.
airflow reversal --- gas outburst --- mine ventilation system --- orthogonal experiment --- numerical simulation --- deep chamber --- asymmetric failure --- mechanical analysis --- control measures --- Yinggehai --- overpressure --- hydraulic fracture --- mudstone --- fluid pressure --- red sandstone --- pre-existing cracks --- creep behavior --- temperature --- long-term permeability --- partial saturation --- patchy saturation --- squirt flow --- P-wave velocity dispersion and attenuation --- anelasticity --- ultrasonic measurements --- heavy oil reservoirs --- cyclic steam stimulation --- conformance control --- extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) trees --- prediction model --- Dongsha Waters in the northern South China Sea margin --- velocity inversion --- mud volcano --- magma intrusion --- Mesozoic hydrocarbon --- tubing --- modal analysis --- fluid-structure interaction --- inlet pressure --- pipeline --- water hammer --- gas-liquid two-phase flow --- pressure --- velocity --- lattice Boltzmann method --- discrete element method --- sand production --- force chain network analysis --- seismic sedimentology --- sedimentary facies evolution --- peat accumulation regularity --- frequency–division amplitude fusion --- thin sand bodies --- stable crack propagation --- crack strain --- stress–strain curve --- model --- wing crack --- outburst coal --- primary coal --- structural parameters --- infrared spectrum --- XRD --- oil shale --- in situ conversion project --- biomarker --- pyrolysis process --- organic geochemistry
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Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
n/a --- tree seedling recruitment --- shrubline --- light quality --- higher altitude --- precipitation --- experimental rain exclusion --- Pinus cembra --- Changbai Mountain --- treeline dynamics --- fungal ecology --- thermal continentality --- tree regeneration --- elevational transect --- monitoring --- conifer shrub --- plant water availability --- permafrost --- foehn winds --- treeline --- Holocene --- nitrogen cycling --- carotenoids --- timberline --- 15N natural abundance --- spectrometer --- basal area increment --- palynology --- xylem embolism --- diversity --- elevational treeline --- European Alps --- temperature --- tree line --- winter stress --- photosynthetic pigments --- Pinus sibirica --- westerly winds --- relative air humidity --- ecosystem manipulation --- Larix decidua --- microsite --- polar treeline --- Central Austrian Alps --- Switzerland --- multi-stemmed growth form --- conifers --- forest edge --- history of treeline research --- soil drought --- dendroclimatology --- knowledge engineering --- Rocky Mountains --- apical control --- cloud --- postglacial --- alpine timberline --- space-for-time substitution --- climate change --- expert elicitation --- shoot elongation --- pit aspiration --- climate warming --- climate zone --- alpine treeline --- refilling --- Abies sibirica --- growth trend --- western Montana --- light quantity --- Picea abies --- Mediterranean climate --- forest climatology --- altitude --- environmental stress --- sub-Antarctic --- Erman’s birch --- photoinhibition --- tocopherol --- elevational gradients --- NDVI --- long-term trends --- sap flow --- peat --- tree seedlings --- Southern Ocean --- chlorophyll --- non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) --- drought --- upward advance --- remote sensing data --- Erman's birch
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