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The book takes in consideration some dehydrogenases, enzymes with different functions in the cells by using different substrates, such as hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, glutamate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase. They are examined from the following points of view: biochemistry, physiological functions and role in some diseases and in the development of tumours. For these reasons, the book is divided into three sections: 1. Dehydrogenases and cancer 2. Dehydrogenases and some diseases 3. Dehydrogenases and physiological role

Dehydrogenases. --- Oxidoreductases --- Biochemistry

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle crucial to many cellular functions and processes, including the mounting of T-cell immune responses. Indeed, the ER has a well-established central role in anti-tumor immunity. Perhaps best characterized is the role of the ER in the processing of antigen peptides and the subsequent peptide assembly into MHC class I and II molecules. Such MHC/tumor-derived peptide complexes are pivotal for the correct recognition of altered self or viral peptides and the subsequent clonal expansion of tumor-reactive T-cells. In line with the role of the ER in immunity, tumor-associated mutations in ER proteins, as well as ER protein content and localization can have both deleterious and advantageous effects on anti-tumor immune responses. For instance, loss of function of ER-aminopeptidases, that trim peptides to size for MHC, alter the MHC class I - peptide repertoire thereby critically and negatively affecting T-cell recognition. On the other hand, altered localization of ER proteins can have immune-promoting effects. Specifically, translocation of certain ER proteins to the cell surface has been shown to promote anti-tumor T-cell immunity by directing uptake of apoptotic tumor cells to professional antigen presenting cells, thereby facilitating anti-tumor T-cell immunity. These selected examples highlight a diverse and multi-faceted role of the ER in anti-tumor immunity. Molecular biological insights from the past decade have uncovered that ER components may affect tumor immunity and have invoked a variety of follow-up questions. For instance, how and why are ER proteins over-expressed in tumors? How do nucleotide and somatic mutations in ER chaperones/processing machinery affect the MHC/peptide complex and tumor cell immunogenicity? How do ER-proteins translocate to the cell surface? What if any is the potential role of extracellular ER protein in tumor immunotherapy/vaccines, and can they be delivered to the tumor cell surface by photodynamic therapy, anthracyclines or by other means? In this special research topics issue, we welcome basic and clinical research reports covering all aspects of ER proteins in cancer recognition by the immune system, therapy and drug development. We also welcome reports describing new insights into ER stress, signalling and homeostasis in immunogenic cell death in cancer, the effect of parasitic ER proteins on tumour growth, ER protein regulation of angiogenesis. Submission of original research articles, perspective, reviews and topical comments is encouraged. We aim to provide a comprehensive series of articles that will aid our understanding in a new and exiting avenue of tumour immunology and therapeutic development, exploiting a collection of proteins within the ER that are not obvious candidates for immunity to tumors.

Endoplasmic reticulum. --- Tumors --- Immunology. --- Oncology. --- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. --- Immunological aspects. --- Autoimmunity --- Angiogenesis --- T-cell receptors --- genome damage --- phage display --- Aminopeptidases --- Grp170 --- Oxidoreductases --- Vaccines --- chaperones

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This book has been written with the purpose of providing a vision of a topic which is on the edge of biology and chemistry. As well, we want to provide an updated vision of the potentials and limitations of biocatalysis, especially with respect to applications in processes of organic synthesis, fine chemicals, and medicine. This book pretends to illustrate the potential of an excellent overview of recent progress on the assessment of granted patents as a useful tool in asymmetric synthesis. Some distinguished researchers have contributed to this endeavor with their knowledge, their commitment and their encouragement

ferulic acid esters --- octyl ferulate --- esterification --- Box-Behnken design --- response surface methodology --- molar conversion --- optimum condition --- Bacillus --- glycosyltransferase --- 8-hydroxydaidzein --- industrial biotechnology --- electrochemistry --- biohydrogen --- biocatalysis --- process development --- bacteria --- Enantioselectivity --- enzyme cascade --- hydroxynitrile lyase --- lipase --- hydrocyanation --- transesterification --- glycosidases --- transglycosylation --- cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases --- alkyl glucosides --- biosurfactants --- MDR—medium-chain reductase/dehydrogenase --- ADH—alcohol dehydrogenase --- enzyme kinetics --- EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) chelation --- ultrafiltration --- pseudokinases --- signal transduction --- cancer therapy --- tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphorylation --- new drug targets --- interactome --- asymmetric synthesis --- patents --- lipases --- oxidoreductases --- lyases --- transaminases --- n/a --- MDR-medium-chain reductase/dehydrogenase --- ADH-alcohol dehydrogenase