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O livro faz uma retrospectiva sobre o que se pensava das argamassas de cal e alguns de seus constituintes ao longo dos séculos. Revela informações úteis tanto do ponto de vista histórico quanto para subsidiar obras de restauração através da análise de textos italianos, franceses, portugueses, espanhóis e brasileiros. É uma viagem no tempo, mostrando aspectos ligados à composição, ao preparo e às propriedades das argamassas elaboradas com esse aglomerante comentados à luz da ciência contemporânea.
Architecture and history. --- Architecture --- Building materials --- Mortar. --- Renovation (Architecture). --- Conservation and restoration. --- Conservation. --- History. --- ARCHITECTURE
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Archaeometry and cultural heritage have lately taken advantage of developments in scientific techniques, offering valuable information to archaeology, art history, and conservation science, involving both instrumental and non-instrumental approaches. Among the possible techniques, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) has become one of the most applied techniques for cultural heritage elemental material characterization due to its user friendliness; fast, short acquisition times; portability; and most of all, its absolutely non-destructive nature. For this reason, besides being often a first choice for a preliminary overall materials investigation, XRF spectrometers and spectra data handling methods have continuously improved, giving rise to many variations of the same technique; portable spectrometers, micro-probes, and large area scanners are all variations of a very flexible technique. This Special Issue collects papers dealing with most of the analytical techniques related to XRF spectroscopy appropriate for applications to Cultural Heritage materials. We dedicate this Special Issue to the loving memory of Professor Mario Milazzo, a pioneer of Archaeometry in Italy, awarded in 2002 the Gold Medal for Culture by the Italian President. He is remembered as a generous and pleasant man with an insightful, logical mind, who was able to find an appropriate joke for every situation. Many of us following his footsteps in the research field of applied physics for Cultural Heritage still appreciate his vision, teaching, and impact on our lives.
MA-XRF --- conservation studies --- furniture --- Pietro Piffetti --- chinoiserie lacquered cabinet --- SAM --- STEAM --- pigments --- elemental mapping --- painting stratigraphy --- Giotto --- heritage science --- non-invasive analysis --- portable equipment --- pigment identification --- van der Weyden --- Flemish painting --- calco-potassic glass in painting --- INFN-CHNet --- Opificio delle Pietre Dure --- X-ray fluorescence --- synchrotron radiation --- µXRF --- µXANES --- black gloss --- ancient ceramics --- roman mortar --- historic mortar --- mosaic floors --- XRF --- Bracara Augusta --- Stradivari --- musical instrument --- mandolin --- varnish --- coatings --- multi-layered structure --- reflection FT-IR --- spectroscopy --- pXRF --- PCA --- pottery --- EDXRF --- cultural heritage materials --- pigment analysis --- ceramics classification --- metal alloy quantitative analysis --- n/a
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This book, Green Concrete for a Better Sustainable Environment, aims to cover recent advances in the development of green concrete solutions and discuss the best ways to leverage opportunities in this domain. Concrete can be described as green concrete if it has one of the following features; it uses waste material as at least one of its components, its production process does not lead to environmental destruction, or it has high performance and life cycle sustainability. At present, natural resources are running out. Cement and concrete made from industrial and construction waste can be regarded as valuable resources for civil infrastructure construction. Green concrete will not only contribute to a circular economy, but can also help to reduce the amount of embodied energy and CO2 emissions associated with cement manufacturing and aggregate quarrying. Using green concrete can also mitigate the environmental threats associated with industrial waste materials. This book covers the theoretical, experimental, applied and modelling research studies on the materials, products and structures related to sustainable cement-based composites.
recycled aggregate concrete --- shrinkage and creep --- attached mortar --- prediction model --- construction and demolition wastes --- resource utilization --- recycled concrete hollow block --- masonry walls --- seismic performance --- steel frame --- infilled shear walls --- semi-rigid connection --- seismic behavior --- MSWI bottom ash --- concrete --- sulfate attack --- capillary transport --- crystallization --- husk mortar wallboard --- experiment --- lateral strength --- strain --- failure load --- full replacement ratio --- section steel and RAC --- bond behavior --- SRRC (Steel Reinforced Recycled Concrete) --- bond strength --- bond slip --- numerical simulation --- salt --- NaCl --- asphalt concrete --- freeze–thaw cycles --- winter road --- industrial waste --- sustainable concrete --- recycled expanded glass --- n/a --- freeze-thaw cycles
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One of the great challenges of contemporary society is establishing a sustainable way of life in harmony with the environment without compromising economic growth and technological development. On the other hand, the increase in the world population has driven per capita consumption, and consequently, the generation of waste. Because of this, new materials are being developed from different types of waste. This Special Issue aims to highlight and share recent scientific findings in the area of “New Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Materials” manufactured from different material types (polymers, ceramics, metallics, and composites) and urban, industrial, mining and agricultural wastes. Moreover, scientific topics such as improving performance and durability, materials characterization, hybrid materials, foams and porous materials, trends and advances, and mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties will also be accepted.
palygorskite --- adsorption --- anionic dye --- cationic dye --- water treatment --- perlite tailings --- aggregate --- alkali–silicate reaction --- ceramic residue --- alkaline activation --- experimental design --- durability tests --- kaolin --- solid residues --- pozzolanic activity --- cement mortar --- carbonation --- poly (lactic acid) --- high-density biopolyethylene --- bioblends --- compatibilization --- scheelite tailings --- sustainable ceramic mass --- red ceramic --- firing parameters
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This book is dedicated to “High-Performance Eco-Efficient Concrete” and concrete fatigue behavior, more sustainable construction materials, capable of complying with quality standards and current innovation policies, aimed at saving natural resources and reducing global pollution. The development of self-compacting concretes with electric arc furnace slags is a further achievement. In addition, the technical and economic viability of using coarse recycled aggregates from crushed concrete in shotcrete, enhanced quality and reduced on-site construction time are the basic features of prefabricated bridge elements and systems, biomass bottom ash as aluminosilicate precursor and phosphogypsum were discussed. On the other hand, basalt fiber improving the mechanical properties and durability of reactive powder concrete, alkali-activated slag and high-volume fly ash and the potential of phosphogypsum as secondary raw material in construction industry, the effects of fly ash on the diffusion, bonding, and microproperties of chloride penetration in concrete were studied. Increasing amounts of sustainable concretes are being used as society becomes more aware of the environment. Finally, the circular economy as an economic model of production and consumption that involves reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling materials after their service life are presented in this book.
high-frequency fatigue test --- recycled aggregate --- recycled aggregate concrete --- fatigue --- Locati test --- electric arc furnace slags --- mechanical properties --- durability --- self-compacting concrete --- high-performance concrete --- EAFS --- cupola slag --- electric arc furnace slag --- shotcrete --- deep tunnels --- convergence-confinement method --- coarse recycled concrete aggregate --- dry-mix process --- prefabricated --- bridge deck --- prestressed --- UHPC --- sustainable --- biomass bottom ash --- phosphogypsum --- alkali activated fine-grained concrete --- reactive powder concrete --- basalt fiber --- chloride-salt corrosion --- freeze–thaw durability --- alkali-activated concrete --- shrinkage --- cracking --- internal curing --- metakaolin --- ternary binder --- high performance --- strength --- foam --- lightweight material --- thermal conductivity --- fly ash --- carbon dioxide emission --- chloride diffusion --- binding capacity of chlorine --- HVFA --- RAC --- sustainable building --- reinforced concrete --- corrosion of concrete --- fiber-reinforced --- natural fibers --- bamboo --- sustainable mortar --- mechanical characterization --- by-products --- toughness --- recycled concrete --- low clinker cement --- precast --- physical properties --- New Jersey barriers --- recycled aggregates --- recycled mortar --- construction and demolition waste --- decontaminating --- photocatalysis --- glass powder --- green cements --- slag-pozzolanic cement --- CEM V --- tunnel spoil recycling --- high durability --- n/a --- freeze-thaw durability
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Cement and lime currently are the most common binders in building materials. However, alternative materials and methods are needed to overcome the functional limitations and environmental footprint of conventional products. This Special Issue dedicated to “New frontiers in cementitious and lime-based materials and composites” gathers selected reviews and experimental articles that showcase the most recent trends in this multidisciplinary field. Authoritative contributions from all around the world provide important insights into all areas of research related to cementitious and lime-based materials and composites, spanning from structural engineering to geotechnics, including materials science and processing technology. This Topical Collection is intended to foster innovation and help researchers and developers to identify new solutions for a more sustainable and functional built environment.
durability --- hardened properties --- green composite --- fresh properties --- recycled concrete aggregates --- natural coarse aggregates --- enzyme-induced calcite precipitation --- microbial-induced calcite precipitation --- geotechnical engineering --- geoenvironmental engineering --- precast concrete wall --- interfacial bonding strength --- joint concrete --- interface processing --- washed rough surface --- roughness --- storage time --- cement mortar --- End-of-Life Tyre --- waste --- surface treatment --- compressive strength --- flexural strength --- workability --- fly ash --- freezing shaft sinking --- shaft lining structure --- uneven pressure --- hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete --- crack --- autogenous self-healing --- curing conditions --- supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) --- GRC-PC --- integrated wall panels --- composite method --- shrinkage properties --- dissipation energy density --- high-strength concrete --- Weibull distribution --- damage mechanics --- constitutive model --- repeated impact --- ACI 544-2R --- high temperatures --- fire --- residual strength --- lime-cement mortar --- air-entrained agent --- heritage conservation --- reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings --- properties --- mechanical --- electrical resistivity --- ecofriendly ternary concrete --- SCBA --- SF --- coastal cemented soil --- nano silica --- iron tailings --- mechanical properties --- microscopic mechanism --- granite dust --- stabilizer --- particle size --- plasticity --- unconfined compression strength --- cement --- lime --- sustainable materials --- fibre-reinforced composite --- recycled aggregates
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Photoactive nanomaterials have been receiving increasing attention due to their potential application in the light-driven degradation of water and gas-phase pollutants. However, to exploit the great potential of photoactive materials and access their properties requires fine-tuning of their size/shape-dependent chemical–physical properties, and on the ability to integrate them in photoreactors or to deposit them onto large surfaces. Therefore, the synthetic approach as well as post-synthesis manipulation could strongly affect the final photocatalytic properties of the nanomaterial. The aim of the present Special Issue is to report on the most recent progress towards the application of photoactive nanomaterials and nanomaterial-based coatings in pollutant degradation, paying particular attention to cases close to real application: scalable synthetic approaches to nanocatalysts, preparation of nanocatalyst-based coatings, degradation of real pollutants and bacterial inactivation, and application in building materials.
toxicity --- polar herbicide --- composite nanorods --- heterojunction --- degradation --- nanocomposites --- nanoparticles --- polyester --- TiO2 nanotube --- environmental remediation --- building materials --- hydroxyapatite --- VOCs --- reactive green 12 --- Pt loaded TiO2 --- nanomaterials --- expansion --- photocatalytic activity --- CuxO/TiO2 --- water remediation --- antimicrobial properties --- sputtering --- diclofenac --- mesoporous --- TiO2 --- advanced oxidation processes --- mortar --- disinfection --- HiPIMS --- microcracks --- Cu2O --- sulfate attack --- NOx --- photocatalysis --- blast furnace slag --- paraquat --- recalcitrant pollutants --- shell thickness --- water treatments --- visible light LEDs --- cement --- deterioration --- transformation products --- gas-phase pollutants --- titanium dioxide --- photoelectrocatalysis --- Z-scheme
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The Tsinghua University–University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology (JCMEET) is a platform. It was established on Nov.11, 2017. The Chairperson of University Council of Tsinghua University, Dr. Xu Chen, and the President of the University of Waterloo, Dr. Feridun Hamdullahpur, attended the opening ceremony and unveiled the nameplate for the joint research center on 29th of March, 2018. The research center serves as a platform for researchers at both universities to conduct joint research in the targeted areas, and to meet regularly for information exchange, talent exchange, and knowledge mobilization, especially in the fields of micro/nano, energy, and environmental technologies. The center focuses on three main interests: micro/nano energy technology, micro/nano pollution control technology, and relevant fundamental research. In order to celebrate the first anniversary of the Joint Research Center, we were invited to serve as the Guest Editors of this Special Issue of Materials focusing on the topic of micro/nano-materials for clean energy and environment. It collects research papers from a broad range of topics related to micro/nanostructured materials aimed at future energy resources, low emission energy conversion, energy storage, energy efficiency improvement, air emission control, air monitoring, air cleaning, and many other related applications. This Special Issue provides an opportunity and example for the international community to discuss how to actively address the energy and environment issues that we are facing.
particle size --- nanoplates --- filter paper --- potassium-based adsorbent --- Limestone --- engine filtration --- particle deposition --- airborne nanoparticle --- CaO --- air filtration --- DFT --- nanoparticles --- model --- multiscale model --- building materials --- shale --- adsorption --- passive building systems --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- As2O3 --- nanofibers --- product island --- TGA --- water quality --- oxidation kinetics --- failure --- loading performance --- kinetics --- pressure decay method --- concrete --- airborne dust --- mortar --- flame synthesis --- permeability measurement --- flame stabilizing on a rotating surface (FSRS) --- particle concentration --- submicro-fiber --- rotational speed --- phase change material (PCM) --- PM2.5 --- load modification --- oxygen carrier --- amalgam --- CO2 adsorption --- Karlovitz number --- cellulose nanofiber --- Lyocell fiber --- microscopic characteristics --- sulfation --- spectral blue shift
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Archaeometry is based on the necessary interdisciplinary relationship between diverse branches of the natural and social sciences. This relationship is essential in archaeology, since, from physical materials (objects), scholars have to face questions that go beyond the limits of the tangible and pertain instead to abstract and social concerns. Currently, archaeometric studies are fundamental to the accurate classification and characterization of archaeological materials, providing relevant data, among other aspects, about their production, function and social meaning. In this book, we present a set of papers that show the potential of mineralogical studies (e.g. petrography, mineral geochemistry, X-ray Diffraction) and multiproxy approaches to characterize the composition of a wide diversity of archaeological materials such as ceramics, terracotta, tiles, metals, glazes, glass and mortars related to several periods (Bronze Age, Roman, Middle Age, Modern period). In this sense, this book can be of interest for specialized researchers who seek specific case studies and are mainly concerned with certain kinds of materials, but also for those students, researchers and professionals who look for a practical overview of the chief methods that can be followed in the study of material culture.
Biography & True Stories --- Archaeology --- carreaux de pavement --- medieval pottery --- archaeometry --- mineralogical analysis --- plumbiferous glaze --- silicoaluminate engobe --- reddish paste --- ancient mortars --- analytical characterization --- Sorrento Peninsula --- glass production --- Spain --- 16th century --- µPIXE --- glass kiln --- production remains --- objects --- Italy --- military equipment --- bronze --- pXRF --- museum collections --- non-destructive analysis --- Roman mortars --- aqueduct --- microanalysis --- red pozzolan --- Sabatini Volcanic District --- copper minerals --- micro-XRF --- petrographic analysis --- rock fragment --- pottery --- ceramics --- Early Bronze Age --- Thrace --- Almohad period --- Al-Andalus --- lead glazes --- tin glazes --- SEM-EDS --- defensive structure --- stone masonry bedding mortar --- rammed earth --- air lime --- architectural heritage --- architectural terracottas --- production technology --- Alba Fucens --- technological choices --- petrography --- SEM-EDX --- WDXRF --- PXRD --- heat transfer properties --- fracture strength
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This Special Issue focuses on recycled materials to promote pavement sustainability. It covers the use of construction and demolition waste (reclaimed asphalt pavement, recycled concrete aggregate and glass) and industrial waste (plastic and slag). The application of recycled materials concerns bituminous mixtures, concrete mixtures, and non-traditional interlocking blocks or cobbles.
LCA --- road pavement management --- RAP --- multi-recycling --- circular economy --- sustainability --- electric–electronic waste --- interlock floor --- mechanical resistance --- polymers recycling --- materials --- recycling --- plastics --- cobbles --- lightweight traffic --- pedestrian traffic --- concrete additive --- concrete mixture --- plastic waste --- HDPE --- plastic lamellar particles --- self-compacting concrete (SCC) --- high-performance concrete (HPC) --- recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) --- natural aggregate (NA) --- ageing --- bituminous mixture --- mechanical behaviour --- rejuvenator --- hydraulic mortars --- waste materials --- pozzolanic aggregates --- recycled glass --- marble slurry --- tin slag --- mortar --- compressive strength --- fine aggregate --- rough surfaced --- elongated --- concrete --- costs --- carbon footprint --- carbon price --- asphalt --- waste plastic --- visco-elastic properties --- Marshall stability --- rutting resistance --- environmental impact --- n/a --- electric-electronic waste
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