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Obesity and type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide problems. In this book we reviewed insulin secretion in both healthy individuals and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because of the risk associated with progression from insulin resistance to diabetes and cardiovascular complications increases along a continuum, we included several chapters on the damage of endothelial cells in type 2 diabetes and genetic influences on endothelial cell dysfunction. Cardiovascular complications occur at a much lower glucose levels, thus a review on the oral glucose tolerance test compared to other methods was included. The medical conditions associated with type 2 diabetes such as pancreatic cancer, sarcopenia and sleep disordered breathing with diabetes were also discussed. The book concludes with several chapters on the treatments for this disease offering us hope in prevention and successful alleviation of the co-morbidities associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes. --- Adult onset diabetes --- Ketosis resistant diabetes --- Maturity onset diabetes --- NIDDM (Diabetes) --- Non-insulin-dependent diabetes --- Noninsulin-dependent diabetes --- Stable diabetes --- Type II diabetes --- Diabetes --- Endocrinology

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Emotions in children --- Emotional problems of children --- Emotional problems of teenagers --- Emotional maturity --- Social skills --- Study and teaching --- Study and teaching --- Europe.

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Type 2 diabetes "mellitus" affects nearly 120 million persons worldwide- and according to the World Health Organization this number is expected to double by the year 2030. Owing to a rapidly increasing disease prevalence, the medical, social and economic burdens associated with the microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes are likely to increase dramatically in the coming decades. In this volume, leading contributors to the field review the pathogenesis, treatment and management of type 2 diabetes and its complications. They provide invaluable insight and share their discoveries about potentially important new techniques for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetic complications.

Endocrinology. --- Type 2 diabetes. --- Diabetes --- Complications. --- Pathogenesis. --- Adult onset diabetes --- Ketosis resistant diabetes --- Maturity onset diabetes --- NIDDM (Diabetes) --- Non-insulin-dependent diabetes --- Noninsulin-dependent diabetes --- Stable diabetes --- Type II diabetes --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Complications and sequelae --- Patogenez --- Endocrinology

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Noting that the aftermath of the global financial crisis has left many advanced economies with very high sovereign debt ratios and some emerging markets with high debt, this report considers whether there are ways to expand fiscal space that do not involve countries paying down debt or promising to do so in the future, to make fiscal consolidation more growth-friendly. It explains that policymakers argue that their fiscal space is limited and that it would be difficult to take advantage of the opportunity of low interest rates to undertake fiscal expansion, and it considers a ways to raise fiscal space that does not require contractionary fiscal policy and whether there is a way to make fiscal consolidation more growth-friendly to produce larger gains in fiscal space. It argues that debt management policies may provide an answer to expanding fiscal space for a given path of primary fiscal balances by reducing the risk that a sovereign may default in bad states and generate a payoff in terms of reduced to real borrowing costs. It describes two debt management policies: issuance of GDP-linked debt and issuance of longer maturity bonds, as opposed to short-term debt. It focuses on the effect of these debt management policies on real borrowing costs and default risk for the sovereign and details the literature on GDP-linked debt and the maturity structure and how the report fills gaps in the literature; how uncertainty affects fiscal space and how debt management can play a role in increasing it, with estimates and simulations of potential gains in fiscal space flowing from debt management; and the sensitivity of the findings to underlying assumptions and policy implications.

Fiscal Policy --- Debts, Public --- Finance --- Political Science --- Business & Economics --- Fiscal policy --- Debts, public --- Political science --- Business & economics --- Fiscal policy. --- Debts, Public. --- Maturity (Finance) --- Asset and liability management --- Debt default --- Debt limits --- Debt Management --- Debt service --- Debt --- Debts, External --- Exports and Imports --- External debt --- Financial Risk Management --- Fiscal space --- Fiscal stance --- International economics --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Macroeconomics --- Sovereign Debt --- United States

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Use the guidance in this comprehensive field guide to gain the support of your top executives for aligning a rational cybersecurity plan with your business. You will learn how to improve working relationships with stakeholders in complex digital businesses, IT, and development environments. You will know how to prioritize your security program, and motivate and retain your team. Misalignment between security and your business can start at the top at the C-suite or happen at the line of business, IT, development, or user level. It has a corrosive effect on any security project it touches. But it does not have to be like this. Author Dan Blum presents valuable lessons learned from interviews with over 70 security and business leaders. You will discover how to successfully solve issues related to: risk management, operational security, privacy protection, hybrid cloud management, security culture and user awareness, and communication challenges. This open access book presents six priority areas to focus on to maximize the effectiveness of your cybersecurity program: risk management, control baseline, security culture, IT rationalization, access control, and cyber-resilience. Common challenges and good practices are provided for businesses of different types and sizes. And more than 50 specific keys to alignment are included. You will: Improve your security culture: clarify security-related roles, communicate effectively to businesspeople, and hire, motivate, or retain outstanding security staff by creating a sense of efficacy Develop a consistent accountability model, information risk taxonomy, and risk management framework Adopt a security and risk governance model consistent with your business structure or culture, manage policy, and optimize security budgeting within the larger business unit and CIO organization IT spend Tailor a control baseline to your organization’s maturity level, regulatory requirements, scale, circumstances, and critical assets Help CIOs, Chief Digital Officers, and other executives to develop an IT strategy for curating cloud solutions and reducing shadow IT, building up DevSecOps and Disciplined Agile, and more Balance access control and accountability approaches, leverage modern digital identity standards to improve digital relationships, and provide data governance and privacy-enhancing capabilities Plan for cyber-resilience: work with the SOC, IT, business groups, and external sources to coordinate incident response and to recover from outages and come back stronger Integrate your learnings from this book into a quick-hitting rational cybersecurity success plan.

Data protection. --- Security. --- Data governance --- Data regulation --- Personal data protection --- Protection, Data --- Electronic data processing --- Computer security. --- Computer networks --- Business enterprises --- Security measures. --- Computer network security --- Network security, Computer --- Security of computer networks --- Computer security --- Computer privacy --- Computer system security --- Computer systems --- Computers --- Cyber security --- Cybersecurity --- Electronic digital computers --- Protection of computer systems --- Security of computer systems --- Data protection --- Security systems --- Hacking --- Protection --- Security measures --- Security --- Computer Science --- Rational cybersecurity --- Risk management --- Cybersecurity strategy --- DevSecOps --- Security governance --- Security culture --- Cyber-resilience --- Cybersecurity maturity model --- Cybersecurity RACIs --- Shared responsibility --- Security championship --- Modern identity --- Agile security --- Open Access