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The pernicious and damaging effects of incarcerating juveniles has long been a topic of concern and controversy for reform groups, policy makers, childcare practitioners and academics; such concerns are doubly compounded where the mental health needs of the confined young person are in question. Yet, while there is a considerable scholarly literature on the history of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice systems more broadly, there have been few substantial treatments of the institutional detention of juveniles in the modern era outside of official and non-official inquiries into historical allegations of child abuse. Equally, aside from a small number of highly focused studies, there is a paucity of scholarly research on the history of the mental health of juveniles in secure settings. Here, I detail the change in our understanding of the juvenile offender from that of a degraded if redeemable moral agent in the nineteenth century to our current conception of the detained youth as a figure marked by psychiatric morbidity, behavioural disturbance and complex needs. One of my central findings is that the context of institutional confinement itself has been an essential factor in the long-term psychiatric pathologisation of detained juveniles. This framed the scale, manner and context of their frequent group conceptualisation as potentially dangerous and uniquely debilitated by psychiatric morbidity. This is not to argue that the presence of trauma and psychiatric morbidity amongst juveniles in custody is simply a historical construct. Nor is it an argument that the use of psychiatry for detained youths merely constituted yet another instance of factitious medical labeling for the purposes of social control. Rather I suggest that, historically at least, the deployment of psychiatric diagnoses and treatment facilities within the youth secure estate has often primarily served institutional or political needs rather than the needs of juveniles in custody.

Juvenile delinquency.

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Bem mais que um relato sobre ultra-sonografia fetal em mulheres de camadas médias do Rio de Janeiro, a obra propõe uma reflexão refinada sobre o papel da tecnologia médica na (re)definição do corpo e da própria realidade em que vivemos. Os resultados, apresentados, contribuem para o debate sobre a construção do feto como pessoa mediada pela tecnologia de imagem.

JUVENILE NONFICTION

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There is increasing recognition of the prevalence of trauma exposure among youth involved in the juvenile justice system. To better address the needs of these youth while mitigating negative downstream consequences of their behavior (e.g., youth recidivism), there have been efforts to develop trauma-informed programming. In this report, the authors conduct an evaluation of a trauma-informed pilot program run by the Colorado Division of Youth Services (DYS) in a residential youth facility. The authors find that core elements of the pilot program are consistent with trauma-informed models. Similar models, such as the Missouri Model, have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing negative youth and staff outcomes. However, the authors found few significant effects of the pilot program on outcomes of interest during the evaluation period. That said, there were a number of implementation challenges that may have contributed to the lack of significant differences. These include potential contamination effects, as staff and youth from across units interacted during the study period, as well as obstacles related to staffing levels and larger facility-level concerns. As the program continues to be implemented, it will be important to develop a clear program model; address concerns related to training and staffing levels; and continue to monitor the implementation and outcomes of the program.

Juvenile delinquency --- Juvenile justice, Administration of --- Juvenile delinquents --- Rehabilitation --- Colorado.

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Juvenile delinquency --- Juvenile justice, Administration of

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Een verbijsterend relaas over geweld in Medellin, de tweede stad van Columbia. De auteur bezocht de gevangenissen, de ziekenhuizen en de sloppenwijken van deze hoofdstad van de drugmaffia. Hij interviewde tieners die huurmoordenaar werden, hun families, priesters en burgerwachten. Doorheen deze verhalen krijgen we een beeld van de wereld van de jongerenbendes in Medellin, van een jeugd die naar eigen zeggen geboren is om te sterven voor ze zelf kinderen heeft of oud kan worden. Dit relaas wordt voorafgegaan door een inleiding die de misdaadcultuur in Medellin beschrijft en de positie van de jonge doders in de Columbiaanse politiek nader toelicht.

Gangs --- Juvenile delinquency --- Violence