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This open access book explores the role of religion in England's overseas companies and the formation of English governmental identity abroad in the seventeenth century. Drawing on research into the Virginia, East India, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New England and Levant Companies, it offers a comparative global assessment of the inextricable links between the formation of English overseas government and various models of religious governance across England's emerging colonial empire. While these approaches to governance varied from company to company, each sought to regulate the behaviour of their personnel, as well as the numerous communities and faiths which fell within their jurisdiction. This book provides a crucial reassessment of the seventeenth-century foundations of British imperial governance.

European history --- Colonialism & imperialism --- History of religion --- British & Irish history --- Open access --- British Empire --- Colonialism --- Overseas trading companies --- Religious governance --- Imperial government

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The theme of this book is cultural encounter and exchange in Irish women's lives. Using three case studies: the Enlightenment, emigration and modernism, it analyses reading and popular and consumer culture as sites of negotiation of gender roles. It traces how the circulation of ideas, fantasies and aspirations which have shaped women's lives in actuality and in imagination and argues that there were many different ways of being a woman. Attention to women's cultural consumption and production shows that one individual may in one day identify with representations of heroines of romantic fiction, patriots, philanthropists, literary ladies, film stars, career women, popular singers, advertising models and foreign missionaries. The processes of cultural consumption, production and exchange provide evidence of women's agency, aspirations and activities within and far beyond the domestic sphere.

Women --- History. --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Women. --- British & Irish history. --- HISTORY --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Minority Studies. --- Discrimination & Race Relations. --- Ireland. --- Airlann --- Airurando --- Éire --- Irish Republic --- Irland --- Irlanda --- Irlande --- Irlanti --- Írország --- Poblacht na hÉireann --- Republic of Ireland --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Irish Free State

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"The period since the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 has seen a sustained decrease in violence and, at the same time, Northern Ireland has undergone a literary renaissance, with a fresh generation of writers exploring innovative literary forms. This book explores contemporary Northern Irish fiction and how the 'post'-conflict period has led writers to a renewed engagement with intimacy and intimate life. Magennis draws on affect and feminist theory to examine depictions of intimacy, pleasure and the body in their writings and shows how intimate life in Northern Ireland is being reshaped and re-written. Featuring short reflective pieces from some of today's most compelling Northern Irish Writers, including Lucy Caldwell, Jan Carson, Bernie McGill and David Park, this book provides authoritative insights into how a contemporary engagement with intimacy provides us with new ways to understand Northern Irish identity, selfhood and community."--

English literature. --- British literature --- Inklings (Group of writers) --- Nonsense Club (Group of writers) --- Order of the Fancy (Group of writers) --- Northern Ireland --- English literature --- Literary studies: from c 1900 -,Literary studies: post-colonial literature,British & Irish history --- In literature. --- History --- History and cricitism. --- Northern Irish authors --- History and criticism.

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Lord Amherst's diplomatic mission to the Qing Court in 1816 was the second British embassy to China. The first led by Lord Macartney in 1793 had failed to achieve its goals. It was thought that Amherst had better prospects of success, but the intense diplomatic encounter that greeted his arrival ended badly. Amherst never appeared before the Jiaqing emperor and his embassy was expelled from Peking on the day it arrived. Historians have blamed Amherst for this outcome, citing his over-reliance on the advice of his Second Commissioner, Sir George Thomas Staunton, not to kowtow before the emperor. Detailed analysis of British sources reveal that Amherst was well informed on the kowtow issue and made his own decision for which he took full responsibility. Success was always unlikely because of irreconcilable differences in approach. China’s conduct of foreign relations based on the tributary system required submission to the emperor, thus relegating all foreign emissaries and the rulers they represented to vassal status, whereas British diplomatic practice was centred on negotiation and Westphalian principles of equality between nations. The Amherst embassy’s failure revised British assessments of China and led some observers to believe that force, rather than diplomacy, might be required in future to achieve British goals. The Opium War of 1840 that followed set a precedent for foreign interference in China, resulting in a century of 'humiliation’. This resonates today in President Xi Jinping’s call for ‘National Rejuvenation’ to restore China’s historic place at the centre of a new Sino-centric global order.

British & Irish history --- Asian history --- Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900 --- China --- Britain --- British Empire --- William Pitt --- Amherst --- Canton --- Kowtow --- tributary system --- Amherst of Arracan, William Pitt Amherst, --- Jiaqing, --- Great Britain --- Foreign relations --- History --- Chia-chʻing, --- Chʻing Jen-tsung, --- Qing Renzong, --- Aixinjueluo, Yongyan, --- Yongyan, --- Yung-yen, --- 嘉庆, --- 嘉慶, --- 清仁宗, --- 爱新觉罗・颙琰, --- 爱新觉罗・永琰, --- 颙琰, --- 永琰, --- Amherst, --- Amherst of Arakan, --- Amherst of Arakan, William Pitt Amherst, --- Amherst of Arracan, --- Amherst, William Pitt Amherst, --- Holmesdale, --- Viscount Holmesdale,

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An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library.

Beggars and begging were ubiquitous features of pre-Famine Irish society, yet have gone largely unexamined by historians. This book explores at length for the first time the complex cultures of mendicancy, as well as how wider societal perceptions of and responses to begging were framed by social class, gender and religion. The study breaks new ground in exploring the challenges inherent in defining and measuring begging and alms-giving in pre-Famine Ireland, as well as the disparate ways in which mendicants were perceived by contemporaries. A discussion of the evolving role of parish vestries in the life of pre-Famine communities facilitates an examination of corporate responses to beggary, while a comprehensive analysis of the mendicity society movement, which flourished throughout Ireland in the three decades following 1815, highlights the significance of charitable societies and associational culture in responding to the perceived threat of mendicancy. The instance of the mendicity societies illustrates the extent to which Irish commentators and social reformers were influenced by prevailing theories and practices in the transatlantic world regarding the management of the poor and deviant. Drawing on a wide range of sources previously unused for the study of poverty and welfare, this book makes an important contribution to modern Irish social and ecclesiastical history.

'McCabe initiates a much needed shift in focuses from the urgent response to a humanitarian crisis in the wake of the potato blight to a comprehensive analysis to how Irish society tackled the challenges and instituted a framework to meet the needs of the most vulnerable on a daily basis. In this way, McCabe's book is essential reading when considering the ways an analysis of class, gender and religion in Pre-Famine Ireland illuminates how a growing sense of social awareness not only surfaced in this period but shaped the way Irish society would define and advance itself into the modern era.'

Victoria Anne Pearson, Women's History Association Ireland

Begging --- Charities --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Poor --- Social service --- Endowments --- Mendicancy --- Panhandling --- Poverty --- Vagrancy --- History --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Ireland --- Social conditions --- Social conditions. --- Famines. --- Charity --- Charities. --- Begging. --- Famines --- Charité --- Mendicité --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- Aspect religieux. --- Histoire --- Ireland. --- Irlande --- Conditions sociales --- Theological virtues --- Famine --- Food supply --- Starvation --- Airlann --- Airurando --- Éire --- Irish Republic --- Irland --- Irlanda --- Irlanti --- Írország --- Poblacht na hÉireann --- Republic of Ireland --- Descriptive sociology --- Social history --- Sociology --- アイルランド --- Irish Free State --- British & Irish history --- urban --- Irish --- rural --- poor --- social history --- nineteenth century --- poverty --- begging --- charity