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The 2007 Global Monitoring Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) assesses the contributions of developing countries, developed countries, and international financial institutions toward meeting universally agreed development commitments. Fourth in a series of annual reports leading up to 2015, this year's report reviews key developments of the past year, emerging priorities, and provides a detailed region-by-region picture of performance in the developing regions of the world, drawing on indicators for poverty, education, gender equality, health, and other goals. Subtitled "Confronting the Challenges of Gender Equality and Fragile States", this year's report highlights two key thematic areas-gender equality and empowerment of women (the third MDG) and the special problems of fragile states, where extreme poverty is increasingly concentrated. The report, which is jointly issued by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, argues that gender equality and the empowerment of women are central to the development agenda. This is because gender equality makes good economic sense and because it helps advance the other development goals-including education, nutrition, and reducing child mortality. Rapid progress has been made in some areas, such as achieving educational parity for girls in primary and secondary school in most countries. But in many other dimensions-including political representation and participation in nonagricultural employment-performance still falls short. Better monitoring and efforts at mainstreaming gender equality requires realistic goals, strong leadership, technical expertise, and financing.

Basic needs -- Developing countries. --- Urban poor -- Government policy -- Developing countries. --- Urbanization -- Developing countries. --- economische ontwikkeling --- economische groei --- internationale financiele markt --- AA / International- internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 338.340 --- 313 --- développement économique --- croissance economique --- marché international financier --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- World Bank --- Developing countries --- Economic policy.

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This paper analyzes problems of international money. The paper highlights that there are three chief economic evils—starvation and poverty in the Third World, unemployment in industrial countries, and price inflation in the industrial countries that has been so fast as to be socially unacceptable at home and to complicate immensely social and economic adjustment in much of the rest of the world. The paper examines structural change and financial innovation in the international monetary system since 1972. It also analyzes exchange rate management and surveillance since 1972.

monnaie --- international --- marche international financier --- marche international des capitaux --- fmi --- congres --- AA / International- internationaal --- 339.115 --- 333.825 --- 333.432.8 --- 333.450 --- 333.111.42 --- Papers presented at a seminar organized by the IMF and the Overseas Development Institute in London in March 1985. --- International finance --- 332.042 --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- geld --- internationaal --- internationale financiele markt --- internationale kapitaalmarkt --- imf --- congressen --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit. --- goudreserves en deviezenreserves. --- International finance. --- Papers presented at a seminar organized by the IMF and the Overseas Development Institute in London in March 1985 --- goudreserves en deviezenreserves --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Policy --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- Exchange rate policy --- Money --- Reserve assets --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange reserves --- United States

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Golden Fetters offers a reassessment of the international monetary problems that led to the global economic crisis of the 1930s. It explores the connections between the gold standard--the framework regulating international monetary affairs until 1931--and the Great Depression that broke out in 1929. Eichengreen shows how economic policies, in conjunction with the imbalances created by World War I, gave rise to the global crisis of the 1930s. He demonstrates that the gold standard fundamentally constrained the economic policies that were pursued and that it was largely responsible for creating the unstable economic environment on which those policies acted. The book also provides a valuable perspective on the economic policies of the post-World War II period and their consequences.

International finance --- Monetary policy --- Financial institutions, International. --- International cooperation. --- International finance. --- Finance [International ] --- Finances internationales --- Financial institutions [International ] --- Financiële wereldorde --- Financiën [Internationale ] --- Geldwezen [Internationaal ] --- Institutions financières internationales --- Internationaal geldwezen --- International financial institutions --- Internationale financiële organisaties --- Internationale financiën --- Ordre financier mondial --- Organisations financières internationales --- Relations financières internationales --- Trésorerie internationale --- 339.732 --- Financial institutions, International --- -#ECO:01.08:economie monetair --- marche international financier --- politique monetaire --- cooperation --- bretton woods --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.157 --- 333.432.8 --- -Financial institutions, International --- 332.042 --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- 339.732 Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- 339.732 Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- International cooperation --- internationale financiele markt --- monetair beleid --- cooperatie --- Geldwezen sedert 1945. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- -332.4222 --- Exchange standard, Gold --- Gold exchange standard --- Standard, Gold --- Bimetallism --- -Gold standard --- #ECO:01.08:economie monetair --- Geldwezen sedert 1945 --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Monetary policy - International cooperation.

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This chapter provides an overview of market practices, market structure, and official supervision and regulation in financial markets. This paper also highlights the key features of modern banking and over the counter (OTC) derivatives markets that seem to be relevant for assessing their functioning, their implications for systemic financial risks in the international financial system, and areas where improvements in ensuring financial stability can be obtained. The paper also describes how OTC derivatives activities have transformed modern financial intermediation and discusses how internationally active financial institutions have become exposed to additional sources of instability because of their large and dynamic exposures to the counterparty (credit) risks embodied in their OTC derivatives activities. In order to rebalance private and official roles, it is essential first to clarify the limits to market discipline in OTC derivatives markets, before leaning more heavily on aspects of market discipline that seem to work well in these markets.

Over-the-counter markets --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 332.632 --- OTC markets --- Over-the-counter securities --- Unlisted securities markets --- Over-the-counter markets. --- Derivative securities --- International finance --- Risk --- 330.05 --- banques --- marche international financier --- banken --- financiën --- 333.109 --- 333.605 --- 339.7 --- Economics --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Securities --- Derivative financial instruments --- Derivative financial products --- Derivative instruments --- Derivatives (Finance) --- Financial derivatives --- Structured notes (Securities) --- 339.7 Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- internationale financiele markt --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's --- Nieuwe financiële instrumenten --- Working papers --- Derivative securities. --- International finance. --- Risk. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Investments: Options --- Money and Monetary Policy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Monetary economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Derivative markets --- Credit --- Options --- Credit risk --- Financial markets --- Money --- Financial institutions --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial instruments --- Financial risk management --- Revenue --- United States

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Edited by George M. von Furstenberg, this volume presents the rethinking of the functions and purposes served by international monetary arrangements at leading universities, banks, and official institutions.

International finance --- International Monetary Fund --- Special drawing rights --- Loans, Foreign --- International liquidity --- Congresses. --- 339.721 --- 339.727.2 --- -International liquidity --- -Loans, Foreign --- -Special drawing rights --- -#ECO:01.08:economie monetair --- #ECO:02.05:financiële sector krediet --- politique monetaire --- fmi --- marche international des capitaux --- marche international financier --- systeme monetaire international --- taux de change --- credits internationaux --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.825 --- 334.3 --- 382.257 --- 333.432.8 --- 333.430 --- 333.453 --- 382.250 --- 333.44 --- 333.450 --- 333.451.0 --- 333.111.42 --- -332.45 --- International reserve units --- IRUs (International reserve units) --- Paper gold --- SDRs (Special drawing rights) --- Foreign loans --- International loans --- Loans, International --- Loans --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Foreign loan insurance --- Balance of payments --- Liquidity (Economics) --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Internationale liquiditeit --- Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- Congresses --- monetair beleid --- imf --- internationale kapitaalmarkt --- internationale financiele markt --- internationaal monetair systeem --- wisselkoers --- internationale kredieten --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Geld-, krediet- en Bankwezen. --- Internationale liquiditeiten. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Internationale monetaire unies, conventies en akkoorden: algemeen. --- Internationale munt. Rekeneenheden. --- Middelen om het evenwicht van de betalingsbalans te herstellen: algemeenheden. --- Monetaire congressen, conferenties en onderzoeken. --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit. --- Wisselmarkt: algemeenheden. --- goudreserves en deviezenreserves. --- 339.727.2 Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- 339.721 Internationale liquiditeit --- 332.45 --- #ECO:01.08:economie monetair --- goudreserves en deviezenreserves --- Internationale monetaire unies, conventies en akkoorden: algemeen --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Monetaire congressen, conferenties en onderzoeken --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit --- Wisselmarkt: algemeenheden --- Internationale munt. Rekeneenheden --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Geld-, krediet- en Bankwezen --- Middelen om het evenwicht van de betalingsbalans te herstellen: algemeenheden --- Internationale liquiditeiten --- International finance - Congresses --- Special drawing rights - Congresses. --- Loans, Foreign - Congresses. --- International liquidity - Congresses --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: Bonds --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Investment & securities --- Currencies --- Exchange rates --- Reserve assets --- Money --- Central banks --- International reserves --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Banks and banking --- Money supply --- United States