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"In recent years, the trend to present the notion of imperfection as a plus rather than a problem has resonated across a range of social and creative disciplines and a wealth of world localities. As digital tools allow media users to share ever more suave selfies and success stories, psychologists promote 'the gifts of imperfections' and point to perfectionism as a catalyst for rising depression and burnout complaints and suicide rates among millennials. As sound technologies increasingly permit musicians to 'smoothen' their work, composers increasingly praise glitches, noise, and cracks. As genetic engineering upgrades with swift speed, philosophers, marketeers, and physicians plea 'against perfection' and supermarkets successfully advertize 'perfectly imperfect' vegetables. Meanwhile, cultural analysts point at skewed perspectives, blurry images, and other 'deliberate imperfections' in new and historical cinema, painting, photography, music, and literature. In less positive terms, scholars in fields ranging from disability studies to tourism critically interrogate a trend to fetishize imperfection and poverty. They rightfully warn against projecting privileged (and, often, emphatically western-biased) feel-good stories onto the less privileged, the distorted, or the frail. Imperfections synthesizes the swiftly growing but fragmented critical scholarship on mistakes, glitches, and other aesthetics and logics of imperfection into the first transdisciplinary, transnational framework of imperfection studies. With this framework, the editors offer scholars and students across various disciplines tools to craft more historically grounded and critically informed conceptualizations of the imperfect"--
Ideals (Aesthetics) --- Imperfection. --- Film & Media, Media Theory, Media History --- Defectiveness --- Flawedness --- Perfection --- Aesthetics
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Ontologies and semantic metadata can theoretically solve all problems of traditional full-text search engines. In practice, however, they are always imperfect. This work analyzed whether the negative effect of ontology imperfection is higher than the positive effect of exploiting the ontology features for IR. To answer this question, a complete ontology-based information retrieval system was implemented and thoroughly evaluated.
Fuzzy Menge
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automatic metadata generation
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Ontologie
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"".aspirations to perfection awaken us to our actual imperfection."" It is in the space between these aspirations and our inability to achieve them that Grant reflects upon imperfection. Grant argues that an awareness of imperfection, defined as both suffering and the need for justice, drive us to an unrelenting search for perfection, freedom, and self-determination. The twenty-one brief chapters of Imperfection develop this governing idea as it relates to the present situation of the God debate, modern ethnic conflicts, and the pursuit of freedom in relation to the uncertainties of personal i “…aspirations to perfection awaken us to our actual imperfection.” It is in the space between these aspirations and our inability to achieve them that Grant reflects upon imperfection. Grant argues that an awareness of imperfection, defined as both suffering and the need for justice, drives us to an unrelenting search for perfection, freedom, and self-determination. The twenty-one brief chapters of Imperfection develop this governing idea as it relates to the present situation of the God debate, modern ethnic conflicts, and the pursuit of freedom in relation to the uncertainties of personal identity and the quest for self-determination.Known for his exploration of the relationship between Buddhism and violent ethnic conflict in modern Sri Lanka, as well as his contribution to the study of Northern Ireland and the complex relationships among religion, literature, and ethnicity, Grant provides the reader with an analysis of the widespread rise of religious extremism across the globe. Referencing Plato, Van Gogh, Jesus, and the Buddha, he enlightens the reader with both succinct and original insights into human society. Imperfection is the result of an important Canadian public intellectual at work.
Philosophy --- Criticism. --- Imperfection. --- Self. --- Philosophical theology. --- Ethnic conflict --- History. --- Religious aspects. --- Theology, Philosophical --- Philosophy and religion --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Personal identity --- Consciousness --- Individuality --- Mind and body --- Personality --- Thought and thinking --- Will --- Criticism --- Evaluation of literature --- Literary criticism --- Literature --- Rhetoric --- Aesthetics --- Defectiveness --- Flawedness --- Perfection --- Technique --- Evaluation --- literary criticism --- religious studies --- history of ideas
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This paper examines the effect of counterfeit goods in a world where consumers are differentiated by level of income and innovation is quality enhancing. Counterfeit goods are defined as products with the same characteristics as “originals”, but of lower quality. The effect of imitation on firms’ profits and consumer welfare depends on the distribution of income within the country. In particular, the greater the level of income inequality the larger the increase in consumer welfare due to the imitation, and the smaller the effect on profits of the state-of-the-art firm.
Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Labor Economics: General --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Income inequality --- Income distribution --- Personal income --- Competition --- Labor --- National accounts --- Financial markets --- Income --- Labor economics --- United States
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More developed financial systems are associated with higher investment and better economic performance. This paper discusses possible factors that may inhibit a deepening of bank intermediation and more efficient banking in Brazil, two aspects that are found to be significantly different than in leading banking systems in other parts of the world. Using panel data, it finds positive evidence of the presence of a noncompetitive market structure in the Brazilian banking system, a factor that could explain why intermediation may be relatively low and costly. When banks behave like local monopolies or oligopolies, incentives to improve efficiency are weak and the interest rate spread is large, discouraging higher lending volumes.
Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banking --- Finance --- Commercial banks --- Foreign banks --- Loans --- Competition --- Financial institutions --- Financial markets --- State-owned banks --- Banks and banking --- Banks and banking, Foreign --- Brazil
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This paper uses the three-country duopoly model to examine the effects of lowered trade barriers when a new entrant joins a trading bloc. There are two firms—a small-country firm and a large-country firm within the bloc—and three markets—two within and one (new entrant’s) outside the bloc. The analysis generally shows greater gains for the small-country than for the large-country firm. The small-country firm will export more to the external country than the large-country firm. But if tariffs decline, the export share of the large-country firm will increase relative to the small-country firm’s, though profits will improve more for the latter.
Exports and Imports --- Taxation --- Economic Integration --- Trade: General --- Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection --- Welfare Economics: General --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Trade agreements --- Exports --- Tariffs --- Imports --- North American Free Trade Agreement --- International trade --- Taxes --- Commercial treaties --- Tariff --- Portugal
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The study looks at the cyclical behavior of the markups and assesses its impact on inflation dynamics. The analysis finds that the aggregate level of the private sector's markup is relatively high, thus pointing to the lack of strong competition in South Africa's product markets. Additionally, the results suggest that the markups tend to move in a countercyclical manner, with a short-term positive impact on inflation. This implies that the countercyclical pattern of the markups is one factor among others that contribute to the relatively weak output gap-inflation co-movement. In the context of South Africa's inflation targeting framework, the counter-cyclical markups may also generate an asymmetric response of monetary policy to the fluctuations in economic activity.
Inflation (Finance) --- Business cycles --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Econometric models. --- South Africa --- Economic conditions. --- Inflation --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection --- Business Fluctuations --- Monetary Policy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Economic growth --- Labour --- income economics --- Output gap --- Economic recession --- Labor share --- Production --- Prices --- Economic theory --- Recessions --- Wages
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Countries have implemented several containment measures to halt the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease, but it remains unclear the extent to which these unprecedented measures have been successful. We examine this question using daily data on the number of coronavirus disease cases as well as on real-time containment measures implemented by countries. Results suggest that these measures have been very effective in flattening the “pandemic curve”, but there is significant heterogeneity across countries. Effectiveness is enhanced when measures are implemented quickly, where de facto mobility is curtailed, in countries with lower temperatures and population density, as well as in countries with a larger share of the elderly in total population and stronger health systems. We also find that easing of containment measures has resulted in an increase in the number of cases, but the effect has been lower (in absolute value) than that from a tightening of measures.
China, People's Republic of --- Diseases: Contagious --- Demography --- Monetary Policy --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection --- Production, Pricing, and Market Structure --- Size Distribution of Firms --- Health Behavior --- Health: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Education: General --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Health economics --- Population & demography --- Education --- COVID-19 --- Health --- Population and demographics --- Aging --- Communicable diseases --- Population --- Population aging
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What might interest rate liberalization do to intermediation and the cost of capital in China? China's most binding interest rate control is a ceiling on the deposit rate, although lending rates are also regulated. Through case studies and model-based simulations, we find that liberalization will likely result in higher interest rates, discourage marginal investment, improve the effectiveness of intermediation and monetary transmission, and enhance the financial access of underserved sectors. This can occur without any major disruption. International experience suggests, however, that achieving these benefits without unnecessary instability, requires vigilant supervision, governance, and monetary policy, and a flexible policy toolkit.
Finance --- Business & Economics --- Banking --- Interest rates --- Monetary policy --- Government policy --- Money market rates --- Rate of interest --- Rates, Interest --- Interest --- Banks and Banking --- Industries: Financial Services --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Information and Market Efficiency --- Event Studies --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary economics --- Deposit rates --- Interbank rates --- Loans --- Commercial banks --- Financial services --- Financial institutions --- Interest rate policy --- Banks and banking --- China, People's Republic of
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In the name of efficiency, the practice of education has come to be dominated by neoliberal ideology andprocedures of standardization and quantification. Such attempts to make all aspects of practice transparent and subject to systematic accounting lack sensitivity to the invisible and the silent, to something in the humancondition that cannot readily be expressed in an either-or form. Seeking alternatives to such trends, Saito readsDewey’s idea of progressive education through the lens of Emersonian moral perfectionism (to borrow a term coined by Stanley Cavell). She elucidates a spiritual and aesthetic dimension to Dewey’s notion of growth, one considerably richer than what Dewey alone presents in his typically scientific terminology.
Perfection. --- Education --- Philosophy. --- Dewey, John, --- Emerson, Ralph Waldo, --- Flawlessness --- Perfection (Philosophy) --- Perfectionism (Philosophy) --- Virtuosity --- Wholeness --- Mysticism --- Philosophy --- Excellence --- Imperfection --- Imarsana, Rāfa Vālḍō, --- Emerson, R. W. --- Emerson, Waldo, --- Emerson, R. Waldo --- Ėmerson, Ralʹf Uoldo, --- Ai-mo-sheng, --- Emarsan̲, --- אמרסון, רלף ולדו, --- עמערסון, ראלף וואלדא, --- Tu-wei, --- Tu-wei, Yüeh-han, --- Dyui, --- Dʹi︠u︡i, Dzhon, --- Dyuʼi, G'on, --- Дьюи, Джон, --- ديوى، جون، --- 杜威, --- Dīvīy, Jān, --- ديويي، جان --- Dīwʼī, Jān, --- Dīwiʼī, Jān, --- ديوئى، جان --- Diyūʼī, Jān, --- Dyūwi, Jon, --- Dyūi, Jon, --- デューウィジョン, --- デューイジョン, --- ジョン・デューウィ, --- ジョン・デューイ,
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