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Tourism is a driving sector of the world economy. Tourist activities interact directly with the economic, social and ecosystemic dimension of the territories, producing intense territorial relationships characterised by a strong local-global link. To deal with the intrinsic complexity of each territorial analysis, a multiscalar (local, regional, national, European, global), multitemporal (long, medium, short term) and multidimensional (economic, social, environmental) study methodology has been chosen. The common thread runs around the examination of a pioneering tourist destination whose history has been intertwined with the birth and expansion of tourism: Montecatini Terme. The aim is to outline a tourism specialisation model starting from the territorial relationships that have marked its history, landscape, culture and oriented economic development. A model that has evolved, partly anticipating and partly following global and European dynamics.

Tourism --- Hot springs --- Health resorts

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À la fin du Moyen Âge, un véritable thermalisme prit essor en Toscane. De nombreuses sources chaudes et minérales furent captées et utilisées à des fins essentiellement thérapeutiques. Dans les campagnes, des bains - c'est-à-dire des bassins - furent aménagés et plusieurs stations thermales se formèrent pour abriter les curistes comme tous ceux qui se destinaient à les héberger, à les nourrir ou à les soigner lors de leur séjour. En prenant appui essentiellement sur la documentation des archives siennoises et lucquoises, cet ouvrage se propose d'étudier les formes de ce développement thermal : les caractéristiques et l'importance de l'habitat et des activités thermales, l'aspect des infrastructures balnéaires, le rôle des autorités communales (urbaines ou rurales) dans la mise en valeur et l'exploitation des eaux chaudes et des espaces thermaux, l'intérêt, enfin, des populations citadines pour des pratiques médicales et récréatives nouvelles et pour les profits du thermalisme.

Health resorts --- Stations climatiques, thermales, etc. --- History --- Tuscany (Italy) --- Toscane (Italie) --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Histoire --- Conditions sociales --- Mineral waters --- Hot springs --- Baths, Hot --- Economic aspects --- History. --- Therapeutic use --- Siena (Italy) --- Geological Phenomena --- Environment --- Public Facilities --- Beverages --- Humanities --- Physical Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Food and Beverages --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Sanitation --- Phenomena and Processes --- Health Care --- Public Health --- Biological Phenomena --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Hot Springs --- History, Medieval --- History, Early Modern 1451-1600 --- Health Resorts --- Mineral Waters --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Geography --- Conditions économiques --- Mineral Water --- Water, Mineral --- Waters, Mineral --- Health Resort --- Resort, Health --- Resorts, Health --- Early Modern History (Medicine) --- Early Modern History of Medicine --- Early Modern Medicine --- History of Medicine, Early Modern --- History, Early Modern --- Medicine, Early Modern --- Early Modern History --- Early Modern Histories (Medicine) --- Histories, Early Modern (Medicine) --- History, Early Modern (Medicine) --- History, Early Modern 1451 1600 --- Modern Histories, Early (Medicine) --- Modern History, Early --- Modern History, Early (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine, Early --- History of Medicine, Medieval --- History of Medicine, Renaissance --- Medicine, Medieval History --- Medicine, Renaissance --- Medieval History (Medicine) --- Renaissance Medicine --- Medieval History --- Histories, Medieval (Medicine) --- History Medicine, Medieval --- History, Medieval (Medicine) --- Medieval Histories (Medicine) --- Medieval History Medicine --- Geothermal Springs --- Warm Springs --- Geothermal Spring --- Hot Spring --- Spring, Geothermal --- Spring, Hot --- Spring, Warm --- Springs, Geothermal --- Springs, Hot --- Springs, Warm --- Warm Spring --- Biologic Phenomena --- Biological Phenomenon --- Biological Process --- Phenomena, Biological --- Biological Processes --- Phenomena, Biologic --- Phenomenon, Biological --- Process, Biological --- Processes, Biological --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Ecological and Environmental Concepts --- Ecological and Environmental Processes --- Beverages and Food --- Physical Phenomenon --- Physical Process --- Physical Concepts --- Physical Processes --- Concept, Physical --- Concepts, Physical --- Phenomena, Physical --- Phenomenon, Physical --- Physical Concept --- Process, Physical --- Processes, Physical --- Beverage --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Environmental Impact --- Environmental Impacts --- Impact, Environmental --- Impacts, Environmental --- Environments --- Geological Phenomenon --- Geological Process --- Geophysical Phenomena --- Geophysical Process --- Geophysical Processes --- Geological Concepts --- Geological Processes --- Concept, Geological --- Concepts, Geological --- Geological Concept --- Phenomena, Geological --- Phenomena, Geophysical --- Phenomenon, Geological --- Process, Geological --- Process, Geophysical --- Processes, Geological --- Processes, Geophysical --- Facilities, Public --- Facility, Public --- Public Facility --- Balneology --- Water --- Natural Springs --- Sports and Recreational Facilities --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Environmental Health --- Carbonated waters --- Saline waters --- Thermal springs --- Geothermal resources --- Springs --- Health resorts, watering-places, etc. --- Health spas --- Spas --- Watering places (Health resorts) --- Health facilities --- Resorts --- Hot baths --- Tubbing, Hot --- Tubs, Hot --- Economic aspects&delete& --- Therapeutic use&delete& --- Sienne (Italy) --- Sienna (Italy) --- Siyenah (Italy) --- Comune di Siena (Italy) --- Siena (Tuscany) --- Economic conditions. --- Baths --- Italy --- Food And Beverage --- And Beverage, Food --- And Beverages, Food --- Beverage, Food And --- Beverages, Food And --- Health resorts - Economic aspects - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Health resorts - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Mineral waters - Therapeutic use - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Hot springs - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Baths, Hot - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Health resorts - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Mineral waters - Therapeutic use - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Hot springs - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Baths, Hot - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Siena (Italy) - Economic conditions --- Siena (Italy) - History --- histoire de la médecine --- thermes --- Toscane --- édifices balnéaires --- Geological Phenomena. --- Environment. --- Public Facilities. --- Beverages. --- Humanities. --- Physical Phenomena. --- Environment and Public Health. --- Food and Beverages. --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena. --- Sanitation. --- Delivery of Health Care. --- Public Health. --- Biological Phenomena. --- Hot Springs. --- History, Medieval. --- History, Early Modern 1451-1600. --- Health Resorts. --- Mineral Waters.

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Crystallography remains, for mineralogy, one of the main sources of information on natural crystalline substances. A description of mineral species shape is carried out according to the principles of geometric crystallography; the crystal structure of minerals is determined using X-ray crystallography techniques, and physical crystallography approaches allow one to evaluate various properties of minerals, etc. However, the reverse comparison should not be forgotten as well: the crystallography science, in its current form, was born in the course of mineralogical research, long before preparative chemistry received such extensive development. It is worth noting that, even today, investigations of crystallographic characteristics of minerals regularly open up new horizons in materials science, because the possibilities of nature (fascinating chemical diversity; great variation of thermodynamic parameters; and, of course, almost endless processing time) are still not available for reproduction in any of the world's laboratories. This Special Issue is devoted to mineralogical crystallography, the oldest branch of crystallographic science, and aims to combine important surveys covering topics indicated in the keywords below.

galenobismutite --- high pressure --- single-crystal X-ray synchrotron diffraction --- equation of state --- calcium ferrite structure type --- lone electron pair --- vaterite --- calcium carbonate --- polymorph --- precipitation --- synthesis --- carbonation --- pathogen crystallization --- biomimetic synthesis --- renal stone --- calcium oxalate --- apatite --- brushite --- struvite --- octocalcium phosphate --- whitlockite --- Escherichia coli --- Klebsiella pneumoniae --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Staphylococcus aureus --- uranyl --- selenite --- selenate --- crystal structure --- topology --- structural complexity --- demesmaekerite --- guillemenite --- haynesite --- coesite --- high-temperature Raman --- FTIR spectrum --- single crystal structure --- isobaric Grüneisen parameters --- OH-stretching modes --- strontium oxalate --- solid solutions --- ionic substitutions --- weddellite --- whewellite --- X-ray powder diffraction --- scanning electron microscopy --- EDX spectroscopy --- hydroxy-hydrate --- sulfate --- cesium --- schoepite --- krasnoshteinite --- zeolite-like borate --- hydrous aluminum chloroborate --- new mineral --- microporous crystalline material --- evaporitic salt rock --- Verkhnekamskoe potassium salt deposit --- Perm Krai --- anatomy --- Cactaceae --- oxalate --- silica --- stem --- stanfieldite --- phosphate --- merrillite --- meteorite --- pallasite --- mesosiderite --- luminophore --- bioceramics --- powder diffraction --- Raman spectroscopy --- Kamchatka --- hot springs --- pyrite --- complexity of crystal habits --- Mars --- mineral --- crystallography --- crystal chemistry --- X-ray diffraction --- crystal growth --- mineral evolution