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The presence of so many fabliaux in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is intriguing in its own right, given the fact that there are no real fabliaux in Middle English befor Chaucer. But these stories are also interesting as instances of a concept and practice thas has received little critical attention so far, namely 'analogy', the writing and, above all, recognition of 'similar' stories. How to account for the literary practice that enables us to perceive stories as similar, c.q. analogous? This original study sets out to explore this phenomenon, first tentatively vis-?)vis other terms and practices (Translation, Borrowing, Adaptation, Version) and then, in the major part of the book, in a pragmatic-structuralist analysis of four salient components of narrative--Plot, Character, Thematics, and Genre--each illustrated with examples taken from Chaucer's fabliaux and their analogues in various European languages.In each of the four chapters the key-issue is Categorisation and Hertog traces its evolution and usefulness a a concept from Wittgenstein's family resemblances' and Zadeh's 'fuzzy set theory' to E. Rosch's Prototype theory. The conclusion draws attention to two aspects which set Chaucer's fabliaux very much apart from the other analogues: their contextuality within the polylogue of the Canterbury Tales, and secondly, their explicit intertextuality which invites us to look anew at the assumptions of traditional source-criticism. The study ends with some theoretical reflections on analogy and an attempt at definition.The book will interest not only Chaucerians and other medievalists but also scholars in literarry theory and interpretation.

Literary form --- History

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Dans la mouvance des théories de l'art pour l'art, modernité et modernisme récusent la fonction de communication du langage, de représentation de la peinture, et affirment la spécificité des modes d'expression artistiques, l'autonomie de domaines d'activités. Cette théorie d'un art autotélique par quoi se définit le formalisme coïncide avec les plus éclatants triomphes de l'art de la modernité. La période où les artistes illustrèrent l'idée de l'art pur et mirent en honneur les formalités et les procédures propres à la formalisation a été en effet un moment des plus brillants dans le jeu des formes il n'a été celui ni du déploiement de l'Idée artistique, ni de la révélation de l'essence et de la norme universelle de l'art en tant qu'art. Les auteurs cherchent à tirer au clair les implications de l'utilisation et de la mise hors service d'un concept qui fait partie de l'univers des problèmes, des références et des repères intellectuels par rapport auxquels les artistes et les critiques d'art définissent leurs choix. Ils découvrent les paradoxes constitutifs de la notion, à travers les œuvres de Mallarmé, Duchamp, Dubuffet, des post-avant-gardes contemporaines. Ils analysent les origines kantiennes de la théorie formaliste, ses dérives néo-kantiennes, enfin les arguments antiformalistes de la critique d'art actuelle. Travail sur le formalisme donc, sur les bons usages de la notion, sur son insuffisance manifeste comme principe critique. Travail aussi sur le jeu des formes. Qu'y a-t-il en jeu dans ces jeux sans fin qui mènent de l'une à l'autre ? En zone libre, dans l'espace spécifique où l'artiste cherche à faire voir sa compétence, le mouvement libre, probablement.

Art, Modern --- Form (Aesthetics) --- Formalism (Art)

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The present reprint provides some theoretical results (and their applications) in the fields of mathematical analysis and functional analysis, in which the concept of symmetry plays an essential role. More specifically, various problems are investigated in areas, such as: optimization problems, polynomial approximation on unbounded subsets, moment problems, variational inequalities, evolutionary problems, dynamical systems, generalized convexity, partial differential equations, and special spaces of self-adjoint operators. With various examples and applications to complement and substantiate the mathematical developments, the present reprint is a valuable guide for researchers, engineers, and students in the field of mathematics, operations research, optimal control science, artificial intelligence, management science, and economics.

Symmetry. --- Symmetry (Art) --- Form (Aesthetics) --- Proportion (Art) --- Aesthetics --- Proportion

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Industrialized housing has been a common phenomenon in the building industry since the industrial revolution; the casting of iron components enabled Victorian iron casters to prefabricate entire buildings and to export them to all British colonies. It got a second boost from Modernist architects like Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann; and a third boost in the US when the soldiers came back from the Second World War in 1945 and wanted to buy a ready-made house.In the later decades of the 20th century composite prototypes were built. Timber frame houses are extremely popular in low density areas worldwide. For densely populated areas housing is now firmly attached to reinforced concrete. The contracting industries have developed efficient building methods for the concrete structures on which separate systems of claddings are fixed to form a house.However, in the coming decades, designers, builders and scientists also have to keep the environment in mind, working with a minimal amount of materials, and for minimizing embodied energy and energy use. In the coming age minimal embodied energy and low ecological footprints are renewed values that will be added to energy-positive housing and that will have an influence on the building technology of the future. This will lead to a reformation of the building vocabulary. Other materials will have to be chosen and developed to function in building elements and components.

Architectural design --- Standards. --- Design --- Structural design --- Tel Aviv --- free form shells --- design --- free form architecture --- Rabin Centre --- architecture

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

community benefit --- hospitals --- non-profit hospitals --- tax-exempt hospitals --- IRS form 990 Schedule H --- IRS form 990 --- hospitals and community engagement