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Ecology and Applied Environmental Science addresses the impact of contemporary environmental problems by using the main principles of scientific ecology. It offers a brief yet comprehensive explanation of ecosystems based on energy, populations, and cycles of chemical elements. The book presents a variety of scientific ecological issues and uses these to examine a range of environmental problems while considering potential engineering, scientific, and managerial solutions. It takes an engineering approach and avoids excessive biological detail, while introducing ecology with a systemic approach. The book examines categories of organisms as well as the physical and chemical processes that affect them. It refers to the dynamics of populations and analysis of their major mutual influences, elaborates on the roles of primary production, limiting factors, energy flow, and circulation of chemical substances in the ecosystems, and presents the basic functions of aquatic ecosystems.

Ecology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental engineering. --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Environmental science --- Science --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Biodiversity and Landscape Protection --- Ecological Systems --- Environment and Development --- Fundamentals of Environmental Problems --- Management of Environmental Problems

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Throughout their life cycles—from production, usage, through to disposal—materials and products interact with the environment (water, soil, and air). At the same time, they are exposed to environmental influences and, through their emissions, have an impact on the environment, people, and health. Accelerated experimental testing processes can be used to predict the long-term environmental consequences of innovative products before these actually enter the environment. We are living in a material world. Building materials, geosynthetics, wooden toys, soil, nanomaterials, composites, wastes and more are research subjects examined by the authors of this book. The interactions of materials with the environment are manifold. Therefore, it is important to assess the environmental impact of these interactions. Some answers to how this task can be achieved are given in this Special Issue.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- environmental simulations --- polymer-based products --- artificial weathering --- degradation --- leaching --- soil contact --- carbon concrete composite --- irrigated construction elements --- environmental compatibility --- irrigated building materials --- environmental assessment --- evaluation concepts --- bio-based insulation --- earthen building materials --- volatile organic compounds --- semi-volatile organic compounds --- formaldehyde --- radon --- wooden toys --- emission test chamber --- flask method --- EN 717-3 --- microchamber --- Enchytraeids --- waterproof building materials --- ecotoxicology --- biotest --- geosynthetics --- geotextiles --- dynamic surface leaching test --- artificial ageing --- marine littering --- batch leaching test --- liquid-solid ratio --- column percolation test --- advection-dispersion model --- adsorption–desorption equilibrium --- clinoptilolite --- soil --- water --- CEC --- specific surface --- zeolitization --- hydrogen storage --- kinetics --- material life cycle assessment --- Eco-Indicator 99’ --- CML 2001 --- calcium phosphate --- calcium carbonate --- recycling --- environmental problems --- seashell --- leaching test --- equilibrium condition --- non-equilibrium condition --- modelling --- sorption kinetics --- non-linear sorption --- heterogeneity --- mineral recycling material --- compliance testing --- nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) --- engineered nanomaterial (ENM) --- sewage sludge incineration (SSI) --- ENM containing sewage sludge ash (SSA) --- column elution --- agricultural use --- n/a --- adsorption-desorption equilibrium --- Eco-Indicator 99'

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The purpose of the Special Issue was to collect the results of research and experience on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the energy sector and the energy market, broadly understood, that were visible after a year. In particular, the impact of COVID-19 on the energy sector in the EU, including Poland, and the US was examined. The topics concerned various issues, e.g., the situation of energy companies, including those listed on the stock exchange, mining companies, and those dealing with renewable energy. The topics related to the development of electromobility, managerial competences, energy expenditure of local government units, sustainable development of energy, and energy poverty during a pandemic were also discussed.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- energy manager --- competences --- labor market --- energy industry --- COVID-19 --- decarbonizing transport --- energy efficiency --- electrify transport --- zero-emissions vehicles --- sustainable transport --- electric car charging points --- novel coronavirus pandemic --- alternative energy --- stock market sectors --- stock market companies --- energy --- energy company --- efficiency --- financial analysis --- pandemic --- environmental protection --- environmental problems --- greenhouse gas --- particulate matter (PM) --- renewable energy --- corruption --- electromobility --- companies in the Transport-Shipping-Logistics Sector --- pandemic-COVID-19 --- development --- self-government units --- energy consumption --- monitoring --- energy consumption effectiveness --- sustainable energy development --- households --- OPEC --- crude price --- volatility --- storage crisis --- futures --- shale --- electric vehicles market and policy --- electric vehicles --- purchase intention --- e-mobility --- consumers preferences --- consumer decision making --- social values --- delay discounting --- cultural factors --- economic factors --- machine learning methods --- sustainability --- energy poverty --- economic uncertainty --- energy policy --- policy measures --- reducing energy intensity --- ranking of countries’ energy intensity --- multi-criteria analysis --- sectors of the economy --- economic effects of the pandemic --- social effects of the pandemic --- countries of Western Europe --- countries of Central and Eastern Europe --- mining sector --- initiatives and adaptation measures --- economic situation --- COVID-19 pandemic --- fossil fuel energy --- carbon dioxide emissions --- nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model --- frequency domain causality test --- Markow switching regression --- photovoltaics --- pandemics --- changes in energetic balance due to COVID-19 --- renewable sources of energy during pandemics --- United States --- energy sector --- fossil fuel --- emissions --- expenditures