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The present work covers fundamental issues such as OME synthesis and properties up to process development and optimization for oxymethylene ethers (OME) production. This innovative diesel fuel can be produced from renewable raw materials. Compared to conventional diesel, OME leads to a significant reduction of nitrogen oxides and soot formation.
Dieselkraftstoff --- Diesel fuel --- Emission reduction --- Oxymethylene ethers (OME) --- Fuel additive --- Kinetics --- Kraftstoffadditiv --- Emissionsreduktion --- Kinetik --- Oxymethylenether (OME)
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The Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage in Industrial Applications shows that carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions from industrial applications by 4 gigatonnes in 2050. Such an amount is equal to roughly one-tenth of the total emission cuts needed to reduce emissions by 50% by the middle of the century. The roadmap focuses on five main industrial applications: high-purity CO2 sources, biomass conversion, cement, iron and steel and refineries. It sets out a vision of CCS in industrial applications up to 2050, including milestones that need to be achieved for technology, financing, policy and international collaboration.
Energy --- Carbon sequestration. --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Pollution prevention --- Carbon capture and storage --- Carbon dioxide sequestration --- CCS (Carbon sequestration) --- Sequestration (Chemistry)
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Greenhouse-gas emissions have become one of the most impacting environmental issues in today's society. A rapidly increasing trend in global CO2emissions particularly since the early nineties (23.64% since 1990) has led to the generation of about 50,000 million tons of CO2-equivalent (eqv) worldwide in 2010. According to mainstream climate experts, the increasing concentration of greenhouse-gases is having a warming effect on the world climate. To slow down global warming, there is a global focus on reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. Life cycle assessment in green building implementation is the focus of this Special Issue.
Sustainable buildings. --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Pollution prevention --- Ecologically sustainable buildings --- Environmentally sustainable buildings --- Green buildings (Green technology) --- Buildings --- Sustainable development
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This open access book is designed as a continuation of the editor’s 2019 book Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals. This volume provides an in-depth analysis of industry sectors globally, and its purpose is to present emission reduction targets in 5-year steps (2025 to 2050) for the main twelve finance sectors per the Global Industry Classification System. This scientific analysis aims to support the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment initiative to give sustainability guidance for the global finance industry. The industry sector pathways presented here are based on the latest global and regional 100% renewable energy and non-energy greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways in order to keep climate change significantly under +1.5 C and thereby achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goals. The heart of this book is three chapters presenting the results of industry scenario modelling. These chapters cover twelve industry and service sectors as well as transportation and buildings. The specific energy demand and specific emissions are presented based on the emission accounting concept of “Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3” emission pathways. This methodology has been developed to measure the climate and sustainability index for companies, and this research project expands the methodology to apply it to entire industry sectors. The results presented here are the first overall industry assessments under Scope 1, 2 and 3 from 2020 through 2050. The base for the energy pathways is the scenarios scenarios published in the previous volume. The nonenergy GHG emission scenarios, broken down to agriculture & forestry and industry, are detailed and include all major greenhouse gases and aerosols. The final section of the book presents the main conclusions of the industry pathway development work and recommendations for the finance industry and policy makers. Additionally, future qualitative future investment requirements in specific technologies and measures are presented.
Meteorology & climatology --- Environmental management --- Energy technology & engineering --- Sustainability --- Paris Climate Agreement --- emission reduction targets --- climate change science --- sustainable finance policies --- Carbon Capture and Storage --- Renewable Energy --- Global Industry Categorisation System
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The Benefits of Climate Change Policies provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in assessment of the global benefits of climate change policies. It includes recent analyses and viewpoints from well-known scientists and policy analysts, including John Callaway (UNEP Risoe Centre), Henry Jacoby (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Sam Hitz and Joel Smith (Stratus Consulting), Roger Jones (CSIRO, Australia), Michele Pittini and Mujaba Rahman (UK government), John Schellnhuber (and other co-authors from Tyndall Centre, UK), Stephen Schneider (Stanford University), and Tom Wigley (NCAR).
Climatic changes. --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Climatic changes --- Greenhouse gas mitigation --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Economic aspects --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Pollution prevention --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Climat --- Economic aspects. --- Réduction --- Aspect économique --- Changements
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Companies are increasingly aware of the need to address climate change. However, while many companies are taking action to address climate change, many others are still lagging behind. This report surveys responsible business practices addressing climate change and driving the shift to a low-carbon economy. It summarises policies, regulations and other instruments in support of a low carbon economy in OECD countries and emerging economies, and analyses corporate responses to these drivers. Using the principles of responsible business conduct identified in the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, this report reviews three key areas of corporate action: accounting for greenhouse gas emissions; achieving emissions reductions; and engaging suppliers, consumers and other stakeholders.
Business enterprises -- Environmental aspects. --- Carbon dioxide mitigation -- Economic aspects. --- Greenhouse gas mitigation -- Economic aspects. --- Business enterprises --- Carbon dioxide mitigation --- Greenhouse gas mitigation --- Environmental aspects. --- Economic aspects. --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation --- Carbon dioxide capture --- Mitigation of carbon dioxide --- Pollution prevention
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Alors que se profile la perspective d’un doublement des émissions de gaz à effet de serre à l’échelle mondiale d’ici 2050, ce livre explore des solutions réalisables pour réduire celles-ci à moindre coût. Par le biais de l’analyse quantitative, il aborde des questions cruciales pour la politique climatique : · Quelle combinaison d’instruments nécessaires à la politique climatique permettrait d’obtenir les meilleurs résultats ? · Quelle est l’ampleur des coûts économiques et environnementaux d’une mise en application des politiques d’atténuation du changement climatique qui ne couvre pas l’ensemble des pays et des secteurs ? Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients d’outils politiques destinés à étendre cette mise en œuvre tels que les accords sectoriels internationaux ou les tarifs d’ajustement à la frontière ? Quels sont les défis posés par l’intégration d’un mécanisme destiné à réduire les émissions résultant de la déforestation et de la détérioration des forêts ? · De quelle manière pouvons-nous concrètement développer un marché du carbone à l’échelle mondiale ? · Quels sont les arguments en faveur des politiques de soutien à la R-D et à la technologie et que peut-on raisonnablement attendre de celles-ci ? · Pour les grands pays émetteurs, quelle est l’importance des incitations à prendre part à un accord d'atténuation du changement climatique, compte tenu des coûts et avantages liés à une telle action, y compris les avantages connexes résultant d’une pollution réduite de l’air ambiant et d’une sécurité énergétique renforcée ? Comment ces incitations peuvent-elles être améliorées ? De quelle façon les transferts internationaux de ressources et de technologies peuvent ils apporter un soutien accru à l’action ?
Climatic changes -- Economic aspects. --- Climatic changes -- Government policy. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Greenhouse gas mitigation -- Government policy. --- Climatic changes --- Greenhouse gas mitigation --- Economic aspects. --- Government policy. --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Pollution prevention
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The penetration of renewable energy into the marketplace has been small, held back principally by their higher cost relative to fossil energy. RAND assessed the potential impacts on U.S. consumer energy expenditures and national CO2 emissions of producing 25 percent of U.S. electric power and motor-vehicle transportation fuels from renewable resources by the year 2025. The baseline for the comparisons was expenditures and CO2 emissions in 2025 as drawn from the reference-case tables of the Energy Information Administration's 2006 Annual Energy Outlook. The report shows that increasing renewables use can reduce CO2 emissions and enhance energy security by lowering the cost of imported petroleum. However, a large, inexpensive, easily converted biomass supply is necessary for significantly increased renewable-energy use to have a relatively low impact on consumer energy expenditures. Rapid progress also is needed in the technologies converting biomass feedstock into transportation fuels, and producing power at marginal wind sites. Without progress in these areas, the renewable-energy requirement could substantially increase consumer energy expenditures. Technical advances in provision of economically and environmentally sound biomass energy and wind power generation at lower-quality sites should be top priorities for increasing affordable supplies of renewable energy. The report replaces an earlier version withdrawn in 2006 to correct errors in modeling discovered by RAND post-publication.
Renewable energy sources --- Greenhouse gas mitigation --- Power resources --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Economic aspects --- Costs. --- Costs --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Natural resources --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Pollution prevention
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Greenhouse gas mitigation --- Methane --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Government policy --- Evaluation --- Environmental aspects --- Methyl hydride --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Alkanes --- Manure gases --- Biogas --- Pollution prevention --- United States. --- Evaluation. --- Gosdepartament SShA --- 美国. --- DOS
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Why the traditional “pledge and review” climate agreements have failed, and how carbon pricing, based on trust and reciprocity, could succeed.After twenty-five years of failure, climate negotiations continue to use a “pledge and review” approach: countries pledge (almost anything), subject to (unenforced) review. This approach ignores everything we know about human cooperation. In this book, leading economists describe an alternate model for climate agreements, drawing on the work of the late Nobel laureate Elinor Ostrom and others. They show that a “common commitment” scheme is more effective than an “individual commitment” scheme; the latter depends on altruism while the former involves reciprocity (“we will if you will”).The contributors propose that global carbon pricing is the best candidate for a reciprocal common commitment in climate negotiations. Each country would commit to placing charges on carbon emissions sufficient to match an agreed global price formula. The contributors show that carbon pricing would facilitate negotiations and enforcement, improve efficiency and flexibility, and make other climate policies more effective. Additionally, they analyze the failings of the 2015 Paris climate conference.ContributorsRichard N. Cooper, Peter Cramton, Ottmar Edenhofer, Christian Gollier, Éloi Laurent, David JC MacKay, William Nordhaus, Axel Ockenfels, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Steven Stoft, Jean Tirole, Martin L. Weitzman
Environmental economics --- Carbon taxes. --- Environmental impact charges. --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Pollution prevention --- Eco-taxes --- Ecological taxes --- Ecotaxes --- Effluent charges --- Environmental exploitation charges --- Environmental impact fees --- Environmental taxes --- Green taxes --- Pollution charges --- User charges --- Carbon tax --- Environmental impact charges --- Emissions trading
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