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This book provides readers with all the tools needed to handle interesting clinical challenges in the field of fluid and electrolyte disorders. It aims to offer an up-to-date clinical text for medical residents, fellows, practicing physicians, and nephrologists in a simple and easy-to-understand format. It provides the right balance between basic science and practical clinical guidance. It discusses the current evidence regarding the physiology, basic fundamentals, clinical presentation, and management of these disorders and will help clinicians to handle these disorders effectively. And all chapters have been extensively revised and bound to include the latest developments in the field.
Electrolytes. --- Medicine --- Pathology --- Nephrology --- Health Sciences
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liquid electrolytes --- ionic melts --- ionic fluids --- fused salts --- liquid salts --- ionic glasses --- Ionic solutions --- Ionic Liquids --- Solutions ioniques --- Liquides ioniques. --- Ionic solutions. --- Solutions, Ionic --- Ions --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Ionic Liquid --- Liquid, Ionic --- Liquids, Ionic
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Electrochemical energy systems can successfully exploit beneficial characteristics of electrolyte and/or electrode membranes due to their intriguing peculiarities that make them well-established, standard components in devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, and flow batteries. Therefore, more and more researchers are attracted by these challenging yet important issues regarding the performance and behavior of the final device. This Special Issue of Membranes offers scientists and readers involved in these topics an appealing forum to bring and summarize the forthcoming Research & Development results, which stipulates that the composite electrolyte/electrode membranes should be tailored for lithium batteries and fuel cells. Various key aspects, such as synthesis/preparation of materials/components, investigation of the physicochemical and electrochemical properties, understanding of phenomena within the materials and electrolyte/electrode interface, and device manufacturing and performance, were presented and discussed using key research teams from internationally recognized experts in these fields.
ionic liquids --- N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide --- poly(ethyleneoxide) --- polymer electrolytes --- lithium polymer batteries --- PVDF --- copolymers --- battery separator --- lithium-ion batteries --- solid state battery --- thermoplastic polymer electrolyte --- ionic liquid --- sepiolite --- inorganic filler --- gel polymer electrolytes --- composites --- montmorillonite clays --- lithium batteries --- PFG-NMR --- self-diffusion coefficient --- blend polymers --- ion transport --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- gel polymer electrolyte --- electrospinning --- gravure printing --- printed batteries --- printed cathode --- multilayer --- Nafion --- CaTiO3-δ --- composite electrolyte --- succinonitrile --- electrolyte --- lithium ion batteries --- composite fibers --- mixtures --- n/a
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Energy storage is a key topic for research, industry, and business, which is gaining increasing interest. Any available energy-storage technology (batteries, fuel cells, flywheels, and so on) can cover a limited part of the power-energy plane and is characterized by some inherent drawback. Supercapacitors (also known as ultracapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, pseudocapacitors, or double-layer capacitors) feature exceptional capacitance values, creating new scenarios and opportunities in both research and industrial applications, partly because the related market is relatively recent. In practice, supercapacitors can offer a trade-off between the high specific energy of batteries and the high specific power of traditional capacitors. Developments in supercapacitor technology and supporting electronics, combined with reductions in costs, may revolutionize everything from large power systems to consumer electronics. The potential benefits of supercapacitors move from the progresses in the technological processes but can be effective by the availability of the proper tools for testing, modeling, diagnosis, sizing, management and technical-economic analyses. This book collects some of the latest developments in the field of supercapacitors, ranging from new materials to practical applications, such as energy storage, uninterruptible power supplies, smart grids, electrical vehicles, advanced transportation and renewable sources.
perovskite --- supercapacitors --- stability --- green supercapacitor --- water processable polymer --- pullulan --- ionic liquid --- electrospinning --- ultracapacitor --- equivalent circuit --- Fourier transform --- internal resistance --- hybrid energy storage system --- supercapacitor --- energy allocation --- energy storage --- wave energy --- dimensioning --- efficiency --- grid code --- renewable energies --- electric traction drives --- electrical vehicle --- microgrid --- renewable energy --- energy storage system --- EDLCs --- sustainable solvents --- non-aqueous electrolytes --- 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one
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The purpose of this Special Issue, “Water Intake, Body Water Regulation, and Health”, is to present novel reviews and experimental data regarding hydration physiology and its implication in overall health. Water has previously been dubbed the forgotten nutrient due to humans’ and animals’ ability to subsist seemingly unchanged across a wide range of daily water intakes. However, with the introduction of stressors such as exercise, diseased states, and/or chronic high or low water intake, the homeostatic signals related to body water regulation can influence organ and whole-body health. This Special Issue will discuss water intake, the scientific rationale surrounding the U.S. and European water intake guidelines, homeostatic mechanisms, diseases related to dysfunction of water regulation, and differences in the volume and the vehicle in which the water is contained (i.e., plain water versus mixed beverages) on water intake during and following exercise. The aim is to continue discussion surrounding water, the previously forgotten nutrient, and highlight the importance of water in daily life.
n/a --- modeling --- adaptation --- pollution --- perception --- heat stress --- assessment --- body composition --- polydipsia --- environmental stressors --- deuterium --- children --- water-electrolyte balance --- dehydration --- big data --- obesity --- climate change --- hydration factor and Hispanic Americans --- water --- thermoregulation --- rehydration --- fluid replacement --- hydration --- chronic disease --- acute kidney injury --- chronic kidney disease --- blood pressure regulation --- exercise --- electrolytes --- euhydration --- database --- water intake --- drinking water --- vascular function --- skin blood flow --- sympathetic nervous system --- oral rehydration therapy --- water restriction --- ultraviolet radiation --- hyponatremia --- DNA --- NHANES --- aging --- sweating --- hypohydration --- body water
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This book examines the state of the art of biosorption as an economical and environmentally friendly technique for pollutant removal in wastewater. Several articles are included that develop the applications of biosorption showing the high efficiency and versatility of this process, as well as showing recent advances in this field. Different modalities of biosorption are demonstrated from free biomass to immobilized biomass, as well as the combination of biomass with modern materials to form composites, emphasizing the significant versatility of this technique. In addition, different examples with biomasses of very different natures are also included and discussed, as are the factors that influence biosorption processes. Other contributions offer some examples of apparently useless materials that are reused and applied in the elimination of pollutants. Therefore, this book is an excellent complement for those researchers who work on biosorption as well as a starting point for those who want to begin research on this topic.
landfill --- leachate treatment --- POME --- removal efficiency --- mixing ratio --- biosorbent --- Ni2+ --- background electrolytes --- kinetic modeling --- biosorption --- biomass --- bioaccumulation --- biocomposite --- pollutants --- metals --- emerging organic contaminants --- dyes --- Spirulina --- alginate --- immobilization --- fixed-bed column --- Mxene–CS composite --- Cr(VI) contaminated aqueous solution --- Green Synthesis --- treatment of wastewater --- heavy metals --- citrus waste biomass --- bio-sorbent --- pre-treatment --- activated carbon --- batch adsorption --- fixed-bed adsorption column --- n/a --- Mxene-CS composite
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The main objective of polymer materials scientists is to develop and design high performance polymer-based materials via the introduction of block copolymers, ionomers or inorganic-organic hybrids, in order to introduce functionalities such as mechanical reinforcement, gas barrier properties, fire retardancy, shape memory behavior or self-healing ability. In the last ten years, ionic liquids have demonstrated huge potential as new components within polymer-based materials, leading to a wide range of applications. Due to their many physical-chemical properties, as well as their various possible combinations, ionic liquids represent a new path to produce multifunctional materials.
ionic liquids --- thermosets --- Lithium salts --- electrolytes --- polyoxymethylene --- ionic liquid --- crystallization behavior --- nucleation --- polymerizable ionic liquid microemulsions --- poly(ionic liquid)s --- adsorption --- poly(ionic liquid) --- cross-linker --- electrochemical detection --- 4-nonylphenol --- poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) --- layered double hydroxide --- in-situ polymerization --- nanocomposite --- permeability --- biodegradable polymer --- IR spectroscopy --- silica --- high pressure --- microwave --- synthetic methods --- nanomaterials --- polymers --- humidity sensing --- free-ion concentration --- fast response and recovery --- respiratory rate monitoring --- PMMA --- plasticizer --- mechanical behavior --- crazing --- thermal behavior
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Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide, increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Together with pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological approaches, such as nutrient intake modifications, play an important role in optimizing treatment. A link has been demonstrated between hypertension and body weight as well as dietary habits. The aim of this Special Issue is to improve the understanding of the relationships between some nutrients and hypertension, and of the effects of different dietary approaches on hypertension regulation from different points of view.
arterial stiffness --- rest raw material --- n/a --- Ojeoksan --- adhesion molecule --- cardiovascular risk factors --- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- menopause --- children --- Mediterranean Diet --- fat --- salt intake --- renal sympathetic nerve activity --- obesity --- atherosclerosis --- parathyroid function --- endothelial function --- blood pressure --- fish protein --- nitric oxide --- l-NAME --- pregnancy --- weight loss --- magnesium --- polyphenol --- sodium --- nutrition --- nitrite --- developmental programming --- potassium --- sodium intake --- elderly --- amino acids --- pulse wave velocity --- calcium intake --- electrolytes --- hesperidin --- salt-sensitivity --- cardiovascular remodeling --- inflammation --- vascular inflammation --- diet --- renal transporters --- tea secondary metabolites --- endothelium --- calcium --- vasodilation --- vitamin D --- meta-analysis --- fructose --- sympathetic activity --- physical activity --- reprogramming --- fish meal --- Post Exercise Hypotension --- high blood pressure --- cod --- hypertension --- humans --- oxidative stress
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This book describes recent studies in the development of nanomaterials for various secondary batteries, including Li-ion batteries (LIBs), Li–air batteries, and multivalent aqueous batteries. A simple, low-cost, and scalable synthetic process for the development of nanomaterials is another research topic in this book. The recent studies dedicated by researchers in this book highlight the importance of innovative nanostructures and new functional materials, which can open new opportunities for battery research.
SnO2 --- self-assembly --- MoS2 --- nanosheets --- lithium-ion battery --- inorganic filler --- gel polymer electrolytes --- TiO2 --- Al2O3 --- SiO2 --- ZrO2 --- CeO2 --- BaTiO3 --- lithium polymer batteries --- Ag --- nanoparticle --- high rate --- zinc metal anode --- copper coating --- alloy interfacial layer --- uniform Zn deposition --- aqueous zinc-ion battery --- Ce-doped LaMnO3 perovskite --- XPS of LaMnO3 --- bifunctional activity --- probe sonication --- carbon-based composite --- transition metal dichalcogenide --- aqueous multivalent metal-ion batteries --- zinc-ion batteries --- magnesium-ion batteries --- aluminum-ion batteries --- aqueous batteries --- electrochemistry --- electrode materials --- ammonium vanadate --- ZnO --- composites --- binary --- ternary --- LIBs --- anode --- Zn metal anode --- aqueous Zn ion batteries --- mildly acidic electrolyte --- dendrite-free --- hydrogen evolution reaction suppression --- InSb --- InSb–C --- PAA binder --- anodes --- Li-ion batteries --- WS2 --- W2C --- hydrothermal method --- carbon nanotubes --- lithium-ion batteries --- n/a --- InSb-C
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This highly informative and carefully presented book covers the most recent advances as well as comprehensive reviews addressing novel and state-of-the-art topics from active researchers in innovative advanced materials and hybrid materials, concerning not only their synthesis, preparation, and characterization but especially focusing on the applications of such materials with outstanding performance.
non-isothermal crystallisation kinetics --- multi-modal polymer --- graphene-based polymer nanocomposite --- carbon black fillers. --- n/a --- Li4Ti5O12 --- magnesium batteries --- cathodes --- MgCl2 --- garnet --- dual substitution --- spark plasma sintering --- conductivity --- activated carbon --- steam activation --- low-density polyethylene --- electric double layer capacitor --- solid fluoride electrolytes --- ceramics --- LaF3 --- fluorine-ion batteries --- metal current collectors --- electrochemical stability --- cyclic voltammetry --- copper-manganese alloy --- energy storage --- supercapacitor --- graphitic carbon nitride --- TiO2 nanotube --- MoS2 --- Al2O3 --- atomic layer deposition --- Li-ion microbatteries --- nano-catalyst --- noble metals --- TUD-1 --- mesoporous silica --- CO-oxidation --- air purification --- W2C --- WS2 --- hydrothermal --- nanoflowers --- lithium-ion batteries --- CdTe --- nanocrystal --- solar cells --- Spiro --- biomass carbon electrodes --- battery and supercapacitors --- structure–performance relationship --- Lithium-ion batteries --- LiMn2O4 nanoparticles --- Mg-doped --- kinetic and thermodynamic --- thermogravimetric analysis --- Pechini-type sol–gel process --- structure-performance relationship --- Pechini-type sol-gel process
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