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Social rights --- Remedies (Law) --- Distributive justice --- Human rights

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What is fair? The choice of an allocation norm, whether it be need, merit or equality, can either foster cooperation or conflict. Because of the general irreconcilability of these principles of justice, people are forced to make complex trade-offs when allocating resources. The resulting decisions are shaped by individual factors and context, but also the situation in which an allocation problem arises. Addressing these three levels simultaneously and taking the inherent interdependency of outcomes into consideration, this book adheres to a mechanism-based approach. Its findings support a functionalist perspective on distributive justice, highlighting the inherent relevance of the relational structure for the choice of allocation norms. Was ist gerecht? Die Wahl einer Allokationsnorm, sei es Gleichheit, Bedarf oder Leistung, kann zu Kooperation führen oder Konflikte begünstigen. Da diese Prinzipien generell unvereinbar sind, sind Menschen bei Verteilungsproblemen gezwungen komplexe Abwägungen zu machen. Ihre Entscheidungen sind dabei von individuellen, kontextuellen sowie situationellen Faktoren beeinflusst. Dieses Buch verfolgt einen Mechanismen-basierten Ansatz, der diese drei Ebenen berücksichtigt und dem Umstand Rechnung trägt, dass die Outcomes bei Verteilungsproblemen interdependent sind. Die Resultate sind in Einklang mit einer funktionalistischen Perspektive und verdeutlichen die inhärente Relevanz der Beziehungsstruktur für die Wahl von Gerechtigkeitsprinzipien.

equality, Gerechtigkeit, Gesellschaft, Gleichheit, Individual, Society, distributive justice, distributional survey experiments, allocation norms, fairness, merit, need

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In this thirty-first annual volume in the American Society of Legal and Political Philosophy's NOMOS series, entitled Markets and Justice, a number of distinguished authors consider a variety of topics in the area where economics, philosophy, and political science join paths. Included are essays such as "Contractarian Method, Private Property, and the Market Economy," "Justice Under Capitalism," and "Market Choice and Human Choice." Authors include Joshua Cohen, MIT; Gerald F. Gaus, University of Queensland; Margaret Jane Radin, University of Southern California; and Andrzej Rapaczynski, Columbia University.Part of a well-known and important series, Markets and Justice will prove invaluable to political scientists, legal scholars, philosophers, and their students.Part of a well-known and important series, Markets and Justice will prove invaluable to political scientists, legal scholars, philosophers, and their students.

Social ethics --- Legal theory and methods. Philosophy of law --- Capitalism --- Distributive justice. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Justice --- Social justice --- Wealth --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Capitalism - Moral and ethical aspects.

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Like American politics, the academic debate over justice is polarized, with almost all theories of justice falling within one of two traditions: egalitarianism and libertarianism. This book provides an alternative to the partisan standoff by focusing not on equality or liberty, but on the idea that we should give people the things that they deserve. Mulligan sets forth a theory of economic justice - meritocracy - which rests upon a desert principle and is distinctive from existing work in two ways. First, meritocracy is grounded in empirical research on how human beings think, intuitively, about justice. Research in social psychology and experimental economics reveals that people simply don’t think that social goods should be distributed equally, nor do they dismiss the idea of social justice. Across ideological and cultural lines, people believe that rewards should reflect merit. Second, the book discusses hot-button political issues and makes concrete policy recommendations. These issues include anti-meritocratic bias against women and racial minorities and the United States’ widening economic inequality. Justice and the Meritocratic State offers a new theory of justice and provides solutions to our most vexing social and economic problems. It will be of keen interest to philosophers, economists, and political theorists.

State, The --- Justice (Philosophy) --- Merit (Ethics) --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Desert (Ethics) --- Moral desert (Ethics) --- Ethics --- Philosophy --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- Anarchy --- A Theory of Justice --- capital --- consequences --- cronyism --- David Miller --- desert --- desert-based theory of justice --- distributive justice --- economic justice --- egalitarianism --- equality --- equal opportunity --- essentialism --- George Sher --- inheritance tax --- intuition --- John Rawls --- Justice and the Meritocratic State --- justice --- libertarianism --- liberty --- meritocracy --- meritocratic public policy --- nepotism --- personal identity --- political philosophy --- public policy --- Robert Nozick --- State, and Utopia

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How can a city advance from social invention to social innovation, to attain sustainable urban development (SUD)? Many new ideas, initiatives, and showcases for social innovation have been introduced; however, project-based forms of experimentation are often just part of the ongoing urban politics (or governmentality), and consequently somewhat ephemeral, with traditional siloed city administrations remaining a central obstacle to SUD. Our Special Issue presents twelve papers that address the question of social innovation in sustainable urban development from very different angles. The contributions span issues concerning smart cities, innovation in the adaptive reuse of urban heritage, as well as policy options for regions in transition. In terms of social innovation for SUD purposes, the presented solutions range from transferable legal formalizations to the creation of urban ecosystems whose institutional structures ensure the inclusion of the civil society. Instead of a comprehensive, integrative SUD, robust sectoral solutions, or even phased solutions, are more likely to be sought.

informal land-use practice --- institutional innovation --- urban informality --- state governance --- the PRD --- sustainability --- railway transport --- sustainable development --- urban rail --- Addis Ababa light rail transit --- transport infrastructure --- sustainable urban transport --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- social innovation --- sustainable urban development --- economic ecosystems --- transitions to sustainability --- informality --- green technology --- fourth industrial revolution --- innovation --- infrastructure --- financializaton --- precautionary principle --- socio-technical transition --- governance challenge --- public bicycles --- smartphone-based sharing-bicycles --- digital rights --- smart cities --- people-centered smart cities --- technological innovation --- policy experimentation --- action research --- online research --- COVID-19 --- smart city --- smart service --- citizen satisfaction --- sustainable smart city --- structural equation model --- urban planning --- urban rehabilitation --- new working spaces --- municipal urban planning --- Lisboa/Lisbon --- rural–urban ecosystems --- social innovation diffusion --- education --- NEET --- social inclusion --- Youth Guarantee Programme --- best practices --- cultural heritage --- adaptive reuse --- commons --- urban planning and policy --- conservation --- resilience strategies --- civic initiatives --- COVID-19 pandemic --- coastal zones --- beach access --- distributive justice --- legal aspects --- Barcelona ICZM protocol --- international comparative analysis --- n/a --- rural-urban ecosystems