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Multiresistant bacterial pathogens pose a serious problem worldwide making the appropriate treatment of patients with healthcare-associated infections a challenge. The spread of antibiotic resistance is either mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) or the dissemination of genetically-related groups of pathogens, “high-risk clonal complexes”. Interestingly most multiresistant healthcare-associated bacteria command just a few dominant international clonal complexes causing infections in various geographical areas. It is of utmost importance to identify the determinants associated with and promoting the spread of antibiotic resistance and the dissemination of these multiresistant pathogens. The Topic comprises mostly of population and epidemiological studies investigating antibiotic resistance mechanisms, MGEs and the impact of antibiotic resistance, and the production of virulence factors on the clonal dynamics of a diverse range of bacterial species. Though, the exploration of the mechanisms governing clonal dynamics and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance will remain a salient issue for a considerable time to come we believe that the papers published in the Topic have usefully contributed to the better understanding of some of the processes involved and supplement papers investigating the “non-bacterial” constituents of clonal mobility, like proper medical practice and compliance with hygienic standards.

antibiotic resistance --- dissemination --- pathogen --- Clone

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The first volume of the Unimi Connect - Universe Third Mission series features 14 projects covering social inclusion, sustainability and rights. The first section describes activities to support the most fragile: such as the attempt to restore an identity to the victims of the Mediterranean Sea; the outpatient clinic built for the children from the slums of Nairobi; and the project to help the inmates who want to graduate from prison.In the second section, projects dedicated to sustainability find space: such as the University of the Mountain in Edolo or the Milan University's own strategies to reduce the environmental impact of its activities.In the third volume, we find projects focused on human rights: those of people with disabilities, the right to a safe and transparent society, and legal matters concerning international families. Nel primo volume della collana Unimi Connect – Universo Terza Missione sono inclusi 14 progetti che riguardano il campo dell’inclusione sociale, della sostenibilità e dei diritti.Nella prima sezione sono descritte attività di sostegno ai più fragili: come le vittime del Mediterraneo, a cui si cerca di restituire un’identità; i bambini delle baraccopoli di Nairobi, cui è stato dedicato un poliambulatorio; i detenuti che vogliono laurearsi in carcere.Nella seconda sezione trovano spazio progetti dedicati alla sostenibilità ambientale: come l’Università della montagna di Edolo o le strategie dell’Università di Milano stessa per ridurre l’impatto sull’ambiente delle sue attività.Nella terza, i progetti incentrati sui diritti: quelli delle persone disabili, il diritto a una società sicura e trasparente, le problematiche delle famiglie internazionali.

Third Mission --- University Milan --- Environment --- Immigrants --- Society --- Science dissemination --- Jail

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The dynamic processes of knowledge production in archaeology and elsewhere in the humanities and social sciences are increasingly viewed as the collaborative effort of groups, clusters and communities of researchers rather than the isolated work of so-called 'instrumental' actors. Shifting focus from the individual scholar to the wider social contexts of her work and the dynamic creative processes she participates in, this volume critically examines the importance of informal networks and conversation in the creation of knowledge about the past. Engaging with theoretical approaches such as the sociology and geographies of knowledge and Actor-Network Theory (ANT), and using examples taken from different archaeologies in Europe and North America from the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century, the book caters to a wide readership, ranging from students of archaeology, anthropology, classics and science studies to the general reader.

Archaeology --- archaeology --- knowledge --- archaeological knowledge --- material culture --- archeology networks --- idea dissemination --- ideas --- knowledge exchange

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002 --- Selective dissemination of information --- -681.3*H34 --- 681.3*H34 Systems and software: current awareness systems selective dissemination of information SDI information networks question-answering (fact retrieval) systems (Information storage and retrieval) --- Systems and software: current awareness systems selective dissemination of information SDI information networks question-answering (fact retrieval) systems (Information storage and retrieval) --- Dissemination of information, Selective --- Information dissemination, Selective --- SDI (Information services) --- Current awareness services --- Information services --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- 002 Informatieverzorging i. v. m. documentatie --- Informatieverzorging i. v. m. documentatie --- -#A9510A --- 681.3*H34 --- 681.3*H34 Systems and software: current awareness systems; selective dissemination of information; SDI; information networks; question-answering (fact retrieval) systems (Information storage and retrieval) --- Systems and software: current awareness systems; selective dissemination of information; SDI; information networks; question-answering (fact retrieval) systems (Information storage and retrieval) --- Information retrieval --- Great Britain --- Current awareness services - Great Britain. --- Selective dissemination of information - Great Britain. --- #A9510A

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Can the rules of the European Union’s E-Commerce Directive, which date back to the year 2000, continue to be valid with regard to the dissemination of content in view of the constantly evolving online environment and the changing role of platforms as a result of new business models? The relevant legal foundations in this respect at EU and national level are complex, and their interplay is often unclear. The resulting uncertainty about who is responsible and therefore liable for certain content requires a critical review of the current legal framework. This study, conducted by the Institute of European Media Law (EMR) on behalf of the State Media Authority NRW, analyses the current legal framework and reveals ways of enforcing the applicable provisions concerning illegal content. It pays special attention to the need for reform of the E-Commerce Directive in light of the changing role of platforms. Können die Regelungen der bereits im Jahr 2000 verabschiedeten europäischen E-Commerce-Richtlinie angesichts der sich stetig weiterentwickelnden Online-Welt und der auf neuen Geschäftsmodellen beruhenden veränderten Rolle von Plattformen bei der Inhalteverbreitung fortbestehen? Die einschlägigen Rechtsgrundlagen auf EU- und nationaler Ebene sind vielschichtig und das Zusammenspiel oftmals unklar. Die daraus resultierende Unsicherheit darüber, wer für einen Inhalt verantwortlich und daher haftbar ist, erfordert die Überprüfung des geltenden Rechtsrahmens. Die vom Institut für Europäisches Medienrecht (EMR) im Auftrag der Landesanstalt für Medien NRW erstellte Studie analysiert den aktuellen Rechtsrahmen und zeigt rechtliche Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Rechtsdurchsetzung bei als rechtswidrig einzustufenden Inhalten auf. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf den Reformbedarf der E-Commerce-Richtlinie vor dem Hintergrund der sich wandelnden Rolle von Plattformen gelegt.

Digital media --- Electronic commerce --- Freedom of expression --- Law and legislation --- European Parliament. --- E-Commerce Directive --- content dissemination --- online content