Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Credit ratings. --- Commercial ratings --- Credit checks --- Credit guides --- Credit investigations --- Credit reports --- Ratings, Credit

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

We provide new firm-level evidence on the effects of capital account liberalization. Based on corporate foreign-currency credit ratings data and a novel capital account restrictions index, we find that capital controls can substantially limit access to, and raise the cost of, foreign currency debt, especially for firms without foreign currency revenues. As an identification strategy, we exploit, via a difference-in-difference approach, within-country variation in firms' access to foreign currency, measured by whether or not a firm belongs to the nontradables sector. Nontradables firms benefit substantially more from capital account liberalization than others, a finding that is robust to a broad range of alternative specifications.

Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Accounting --- Capital --- Credit ratings. --- Accounting. --- Commercial ratings --- Credit checks --- Credit guides --- Credit investigations --- Credit reports --- Ratings, Credit --- Capital investments --- Exports and Imports --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- International economics --- Monetary economics --- Capital account --- Capital account liberalization --- Credit ratings --- Currencies --- Credit --- Balance of payments --- Money --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper addresses an apparent lack of economic theory in the analysis of multilateral development bank (MDB) behavior. A simple comparative statics model that is adapted from the credit union literature is used to predict potential areas of conflict, agreement, and indifference between MDB member countries, analyze lending policies against the background of distributional conflicts, and show how various institutional reforms may improve efficiency and overall member country benefits.

Finance: General --- Industries: Financial Services --- International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Finance --- Multilateral development institutions --- Loans --- Securities markets --- Capital markets --- Credit bureaus --- Financial institutions --- Financial markets --- Development banks --- Capital market --- Credit ratings --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Young people, hardest hit by the global economic downturn, are speaking out and demanding change. F&D looks at the need to urgently address the challenges facing youth and create opportunities for them. Harvard professor David Bloom lays out the scope of the problem and emphasizes the importance of listening to young people in "Youth in the Balance." "Making the Grade" looks at how to teach today's young people what they need to get jobs. IMF Deputy Managing Director, Nemat Shafik shares her take on the social and economic consequences of youth unemployment in our "Straight Talk" column. "Scarred Generation" looks at the effects the global economic crisis had on young workers in advanced economies, and we hear directly from young people across the globe in "Voices of Youth." Renminbi's rise, financial system regulation, and boosting GDP by empowering women. Also in the magazine, we examine the rise of the Chinese currency, look at the role of the credit rating agencies, discuss how to boost the empowerment of women, and present our primer on macroprudential regulation, seen as increasingly important to financial stability. People in economics - C. Fred Bergsten, American Globalist Back to basics - The multi-dimensional role of banks in our financial systems.

Finance: General --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Education: General --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Education --- Monetary economics --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Credit rating agencies --- Women --- Unemployment --- Credit ratings --- Money --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Young people, hardest hit by the global economic downturn, are speaking out and demanding change. F&D looks at the need to urgently address the challenges facing youth and create opportunities for them. Harvard professor David Bloom lays out the scope of the problem and emphasizes the importance of listening to young people in "Youth in the Balance." "Making the Grade" looks at how to teach today's young people what they need to get jobs. IMF Deputy Managing Director, Nemat Shafik shares her take on the social and economic consequences of youth unemployment in our "Straight Talk" column. "Scarred Generation" looks at the effects the global economic crisis had on young workers in advanced economies, and we hear directly from young people across the globe in "Voices of Youth." Renminbi's rise, financial system regulation, and boosting GDP by empowering women. Also in the magazine, we examine the rise of the Chinese currency, look at the role of the credit rating agencies, discuss how to boost the empowerment of women, and present our primer on macroprudential regulation, seen as increasingly important to financial stability. People in economics - C. Fred Bergsten, American Globalist Back to basics - The multi-dimensional role of banks in our financial systems.

Finance: General --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Education: General --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Education --- Monetary economics --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Credit rating agencies --- Women --- Unemployment --- Credit ratings --- Money --- United States