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Les tremblements de terre sont de terribles révélateurs des dysfonctionnements de l’urbanisme et, au-delà, de ceux de la gestion des espaces urbains et de leur croissance. Celui du 17 août 1999 n’échappe pas à cette règle implacable. En effet, bien qu’attendu et presqu’annoncé, il a révélé de façon fracassante les faiblesses accumulées des modalités du développement urbain en Turquie. Au-delà, la catastrophe a eu pour effet de faire resurgir et de mettre sur le devant de la scène et en débat de multiples questions (de tous ordres), éludées par les pouvoirs publics jusque-là. Ce dossier, réalisé au lendemain du séisme, est un premier bilan solide et étayé, conçu à partir de sources variées (presse, autres médias, rapports et études scientifiques). Les auteurs, spécialistes reconnus en études urbaines ont une connaissance étendue des spécificités de la Turquie contemporaine et des dynamiques à l'œuvre à Istanbul.
Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- secteur du bâtiment --- conséquences sociales --- gecekondu --- séisme 17 août 1999 --- risques urbains --- conséquences économiques
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Since the discovery of mirror neurons, the study of human infant goal-directed actions and object manipulation has burgeoned into new and exciting research directions. A number of infant studies have begun emphasizing the social context of action to understand what infants can infer when looking at others performing goal-directed actions or manipulating objects. Others have begun addressing how looking at actions in a social context, or even simply looking at objects in the immediate environment influence the way infants learn to direct their own actions on objects. Researchers have even begun investigating what aspects of goal-directed actions and object manipulation infants imitate when such actions are being modeled by a social partner, or they have been asking which cues infants use to predict others' actions. A growing understanding of how infants learn to reach, perceive information for reaching, and attend social cues for action has become central to many recent studies. These new lines of investigation and others have benefited from the use of a broad range of new investigative techniques. Eye-tracking, brains imaging techniques and new methodologies have been used to scrutinize how infants look, process, and use information to act themselves on objects and/or the social world, and to infer, predict, and recognize goal-directed actions outcomes from others. This Frontiers Research topic brings together empirical reports, literature reviews, and theory and hypothesis papers that tap into some of these exciting developmental questions about how infants perceive, understand, and perform goal-directed actions broadly defined. The papers included either stress the neural, motor, or perceptual aspects of infants’ behavior, or any combination of those dimensions as related to the development of early cognitive understanding and performance of goal-directed actions.
motor development --- Infancy --- action understanding --- motor experience --- motor learning --- social cognition --- goal-directed actions --- action anticipation --- reaching --- action consequences
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Un an après les terribles tremblements de terre d’août et novembre 1999, le besoin s’est fait sentir de dresser un nouveau bilan, avec un peu de recul. En effet, le problème des tremblements de terre n’est pas résolu, la question, multiforme, reste entière : les plaies les plus directes et visibles sont loin d’être vraiment pansées et les symptômes des traumatismes endurés restent omniprésents. En d’autres termes, lapsychose sismique sévit toujours, tantôt latente, tantôt pleinement perceptible. Il suffit d’une petite secousse, et la Turquie en connaît en permanence (voir chronologie en annexe), pour réveiller et réactiver cette psychose. Par ailleurs, des dizaines de milliers de personnes continuent de vivre en tentes ou en préfabriqués, à la merci des intempéries et dans une grande précarité. En outre, les séismes continuent à menacer le pays (sur plus de 90 % de sa superficie, mais à des degrés divers) et les débats et mises en cause suscités par les « premiers » séismes continuent d’agiter la Turquie. Il nous paraît donc intéressant de nous demander si les leçons tant attendues ont été tirées et si la Turquie a vraiment mûri dans l’appréhension de cette menace. Enfin, il se peut que le parti pris résolument factuel de ce dossier surprenne ; il résulte simplement d’un impératif informatif, face à des événements mal connus et face à une absence de sources fiables synthétiques.
Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- séisme 17 août 1999 --- bilan --- économie --- constructions --- conséquences --- risques urbains --- catastrophe naturelle --- séisme --- Environnement --- Turquie
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"[The Migration Law and Policy conferemce at the ANU College of Law] brought together academics and practitioners from a diverse range of disciplines and practice. The book is based on a selection of the papers and presentations given during that conference. Each explores the unexpected, unwanted and sometimes tragic outcomes of migration law and policy, identifying ambiguities, uncertainties, and omissions affecting both temporary and permanent migrants. Together, the papers present a myriad of perspectives, providing a sense of urgency that focuses on the immediate and political consequences of an Australian migration milieu created without due consideration and exposing the daily reality under the migration program for individuals and for society as a whole."--
Emigration and immigration law --- Social history --- World politics --- Australia --- Emigration and immigration. --- migration law --- australia --- migration policy --- International student --- Labour economics --- Travel visa --- Unintended consequences
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Media and communication have become ubiquitous in today's societies and affect all aspects of life. On an individual level, they impact how we learn about the world, how we entertain ourselves, and how we interact with others. On an organisational level, the interactions between media and organisations, such as political parties, NGOs, businesses and brands, shape organisations' reputation, legitimacy, trust and (financial) performance, as well as individuals' consumer, political, social and health behaviours. At the societal level, media and communication are crucial for shaping public opinion on current issues such as climate change, sustainability, diversity, and well-being. Media challenges are widespread and include mis- and disinformation, the negative impact of algorithms on our information diets, challenges to our privacy, cyberbullying, media addiction, and unwanted persuasion, among many others. All this makes the study of media and communication crucial. This book provides a broad overview of the ways in which people create, use, and experience their media environment, and the role of media and communication for individuals, organisations, and society. The chapters in the book were written by researchers from the Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) on the occasion of its 25th anniversary. ASCoR is today the largest research institute of its kind in Europe and has developed over the past 25 years into one of the best communications research institutes in the world.
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Forecasting macroeconomic variables is key to developing a view on a country's economic outlook. Most traditional forecasting models rely on fitting data to a pre-specified relationship between input and output variables, thereby assuming a specific functional and stochastic process underlying that process. We pursue a new approach to forecasting by employing a number of machine learning algorithms, a method that is data driven, and imposing limited restrictions on the nature of the true relationship between input and output variables. We apply the Elastic Net, SuperLearner, and Recurring Neural Network algorithms on macro data of seven, broadly representative, advanced and emerging economies and find that these algorithms can outperform traditional statistical models, thereby offering a relevant addition to the field of economic forecasting.
Forecasting --- Intelligence (AI) & Semantics --- Forecasting and Other Model Applications --- Neural Networks and Related Topics --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Machine learning --- Economic Forecasting --- Artificial intelligence --- Economic forecasting --- Technology --- United States
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We study the process of external adjustment to large terms-of-trade level shifts—identified with a Markov-switching approach—for a large set of countries during the period 1960–2015. We find that adjustment to these shocks is relatively fast. Current accounts experience, on average, a contemporaneous variation of only about ½ of the magnitude of the price shock—indicating a significant volume offset—and a full adjustment within 3–4 years. Dynamics are largely symmetric for terms-of-trade booms and busts, as well as for advanced and emerging market economies. External adjustment is driven primarily by offsetting shifts in domestic demand, as opposed to variations in output (also reflected in the response of import rather than export volumes), indicating a strong income channel at play. Exchange rate flexibility appears to have played an important buffering role during booms, but less so during busts; while international reserve holdings have been a key tool for smoothing the adjustment process.
Business cycles --- Business cycles. --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Cycles --- Econometric models. --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Information Management --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- International Business Cycles --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Knowledge management --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Technology transfer --- Current account --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Adjustment process --- Exchange rate flexibility --- Technology --- Balance of payments --- United States
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This open access book focuses on practical clinical problems that are frequently encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Consequences of diseases, e.g. impairments and activity limitations, are addressed in rehabilitation with the overall goal to reduce disability and promote participation. Based on the available best external evidence, clinical pathways are described for stroke rehabilitation bridging the gap between clinical evidence and clinical decision-making. The clinical pathways answer the questions which rehabilitation treatment options are beneficial to overcome specific impairment constellations and activity limitations and are well acceptable to stroke survivors, as well as when and in which settings to provide rehabilitation over the course of recovery post stroke. Each chapter starts with a description of the clinical problem encountered. This is followed by a systematic, but concise review of the evidence (RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) that is relevant for clinical decision-making, and comments on assessment, therapy (training, technology, medication), and the use of technical aids as appropriate. Based on these summaries, clinical algorithms / pathways are provided and the main clinical-decision situations are portrayed. The book is invaluable for all neurorehabilitation team members, clinicians, nurses, and therapists in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and related fields. It is a World Federation for NeuroRehabilitation (WFNR) educational initiative, bridging the gap between the rapidly expanding clinical research in stroke rehabilitation and clinical practice across societies and continents. It can be used for both clinical decision-making for individuals and as well as clinical background knowledge for stroke rehabilitation service development initiatives. .
Neurology . --- Physiotherapy. --- Neuropsychology. --- Nursing. --- Neurology. --- Clinical nursing --- Nurses and nursing --- Nursing process --- Care of the sick --- Medicine --- Neurophysiology --- Psychophysiology --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Diseases --- Neurology --- Physiotherapy --- Neuropsychology --- Nursing --- Neurorehabilitation --- Stroke --- Speech and Language Therapy --- Consequences of Disorders --- Meta-Analyses --- Clinical Decision-Making --- Management --- Open access --- Neurology & clinical neurophysiology --- Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology
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This paper presents a methodology to estimate equilibrium real exchange rates (ERER) for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries using both single-country and panel estimation techniques. The limited data set hinders single-country estimation for most countries in the sample, but panel estimates are statistically and economically significant, and generally robust to different estimation techniques. The results replicate well the historical experience for a number of countries in the sample. Panel techniques can also be used to derive out of sample estimates for countries with a more limited data set.
Econometrics --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Information Management --- Estimation --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Knowledge management --- International economics --- Real exchange rates --- Estimation techniques --- Government consumption --- Technology transfer --- Terms of trade --- Econometric models --- Consumption --- Economics --- Economic policy --- nternational cooperation --- Burkina Faso
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Research shows that international trade is an important channel for the transfer of technology. Building on this evidence, this paper examines the effects of inter- and intraindustry trade on technology transfer. The paper develops and tests the hypothesis that intraindustry trade stimulates more technology transfer than interindustry trade because countries are likely to absorb foreign technologies more easily when their imports are from the same sectors as their production and export sectors. The results of empirical tests for 87 countries during 1970–93 support this hypothesis.
Exports and Imports --- Information Management --- Production and Operations Management --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Trade: General --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Macroeconomics --- International economics --- Knowledge management --- Technology --- general issues --- Total factor productivity --- Imports --- Technology transfer --- Exports --- International trade --- Industrial productivity --- Malta
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