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Seit 2014 arbeitet das Netzwerk Human Cities an Challenging the City Scale: einem geförderten EU-Projekt im Rahmen von Creative Europe, unter der Leitung von Cité du design Saint-Étienne. Verschiedene Stadtexperimente in elf europäischen Städten sollten die Bürger dazu befähigen, die Räume, in denen sie leben, arbeiten und ihre Freizeit verbringen, neu zu denken und aktiv mitzugestalten. In Gesprächen mit Beteiligten wurde untersucht, wie solche Bottom-up-Prozesse mit ihren Werkzeugen und Instrumenten neue Ideen für die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Bewohnern und Stadtverwaltung liefern können. Das Buch bietet eine Vielzahl von Inspirationen und Erkenntnissen für all die Planer und Politiker, Praktiker und aktiven Bürger, die neue Wege suchen, um gemeinsam menschliche Städte zu erschaffen. Since 2014, the Human Cities network has been working on Challenging the City Scale: a pan-European project led by Cité　du design Saint-Étienne and supported by the Creative Europe programme to question the urban scale and investigate co-creation in cities. The Human Cities partners have carried out urban experimentations in 11 European cities empowering citizens to rethink the spaces in which they live, work and spend their leisure time. Through conversations with people involved, the book examines how bottom-up processes and their design, tools and instruments generate new ideas to reinvent the city. It offers inspiration and insights to everyone, from practitioners and politicians to designers and active citizens, eager to try out new ways to produce more human cities together.

Bottom-up. --- Cities. --- Civil Participation. --- Clear Village. --- Human. --- Urban planning. --- ARCHITECTURE / Regional.

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This book will cover topics related to the preparation and use of heterogeneous catalytic systems for the transformation of renewable sources, as well as of materials deriving from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. At the same time, the ever-increasing importance of bioproducts, due to the acceptance and request of consumers, makes the upgrade of biomass into chemicals and materials not only an environmental issue, but also an economical advantage.

isoselenourea --- malignant --- chemotherapeutics --- epigenetics --- antitumor activity --- methylseleninic acid --- mTOR inhibitors --- tumor heterogeneity --- hypoxia --- ER stress --- melanoma --- EMT --- lipid peroxidation --- immune evasion --- hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) --- selenium-binding protein 1 --- glutathione --- DNA damage --- hSP56 --- apoptosis --- tocopherol --- anticancer --- viability --- SELENBP1 --- selenium --- clear-cell renal cell carcinoma microRNAs --- SBP1 --- entosis --- PD-L1 --- miRNA --- cancer stem cells --- cell plasticity --- disease --- clear cell renal cell carcinoma --- HIF --- head and neck cancer --- selenium species --- VEGF --- STAT3 --- hypoxia-inducible factor --- methylselenocysteine --- anticancer agent --- Se-containing nanoparticles --- DNA damage and repair --- radiation --- seleno-l-methionine --- cancer --- tumor microenvironment --- methylselenoesters

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Surgical and medical oncologists have been unable to decrease renal cell carcinoma mortality for uncertain reasons, although a lot of progress has been made in diagnosis and imaging, recognition of different genetic and pathological entities, management of localized disease and in the research on new drug treatments for advanced stages of the disease, potentially combined with surgery. The purpose of this book, which tackles a number of separate interesting topics, is to provide further insight into the disease and the management of early and advanced renal cell carcinoma. The volume is divided into different parts; the first part covers the characterization of renal masses and the second part covers rare distinct pathological entity. In the management section, active surveillance, partial nephrectomy and radiofrequency ablation are presented. A separate chapter reviews the management of Von Hippel Lindau disease, and finally, conventional and aberrant signaling pathways are explored.

Oncology. --- Carcinoma, Renal Cell. --- Tumors --- Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney --- Adenocarcinoma, Renal --- Chromophil Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma --- Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Collecting Duct Carcinoma --- Collecting Duct Carcinoma (Kidney) --- Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney --- Nephroid Carcinoma --- Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Renal Cell Cancer --- Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Renal Cell Carcinoma, Papillary --- Renal Collecting Duct Carcinoma --- Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma --- Adenocarcinoma, Renal Cell --- Carcinoma, Hypernephroid --- Grawitz Tumor --- Hypernephroma --- Renal Carcinoma --- Adenocarcinoma Of Kidneys --- Adenocarcinomas, Renal Cell --- Cancer, Renal Cell --- Carcinoma, Collecting Duct --- Carcinoma, Collecting Duct (Kidney) --- Carcinoma, Nephroid --- Carcinoma, Renal --- Carcinomas, Collecting Duct --- Carcinomas, Collecting Duct (Kidney) --- Carcinomas, Renal Cell --- Collecting Duct Carcinomas --- Collecting Duct Carcinomas (Kidney) --- Hypernephroid Carcinoma --- Hypernephroid Carcinomas --- Hypernephromas --- Kidney, Adenocarcinoma Of --- Nephroid Carcinomas --- Renal Adenocarcinoma --- Renal Adenocarcinomas --- Renal Carcinomas --- Renal Cell Adenocarcinoma --- Renal Cell Adenocarcinomas --- Renal Cell Cancers --- Renal Cell Carcinomas --- Tumor, Grawitz --- Oncology

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Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignancy, with 81,190 estimated new diagnoses in 2018, in the United States alone. Transurethral resection of the bladder and radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection constitute the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive or very high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, respectively. However, survival expectations have not shown to improve in the last 20 years, and new diagnostic and therapeutic tools are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of this potentially lethal disease.

bladder cancer --- robotic-assisted --- open --- radical cystectomy --- survival --- propensity score --- age --- urothelial carcinoma --- outcome --- anesthesia recovery periods --- cognitive impairment --- gamma-cyclodextrins --- neuromuscular blockade --- robotic radical cystectomy --- glycogen --- clear-cell adenocarcinoma --- urinary bladder --- SEER program database --- female --- intracorporeal neobladder --- outcomes --- robotic --- sex-sparing --- methylation --- biomarkers --- FOXA1 --- GATA3 --- KRT20 --- molecular markers --- mRNA --- muscle-invasive bladder cancer --- PCR --- human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 --- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase --- programmed death ligand-1 --- immunotherapy --- nodal disease --- pN1 --- neoadjuvant --- adjuvant --- chemotherapy --- n/a

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ROS were long considered one of the key players in tissue injury. Indeed, overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress, a process leading to the development of many pathological conditions. For the treatment of these conditions, the use of antioxidants was proposed. Over time, it was shown that ROS at low concentrations act as signaling molecules, leading to the regulation of physiological functions. Moreover, several interventions that increase ROS generation activate stress-adaptive responses that extend the lifespan. It was also shown that excessive use of antioxidants can counter the beneficial effects of ROS. Currently, much progress has been made in understanding the role of ROS in human diseases and aging, as well as in the regulation of physiological functions, and in identifying the signaling pathways involved in ROS. However, much remains to be understood about the mutual interactions among signaling pathways underlying organisms’ adaptive responses, their modifications (which occur during aging), and some disease states. The aim of this Special Issue is to underline the effects of ROS production and antioxidant treatment in living organisms, focusing on their impact on health, disease, and aging.

CTCL --- apoptosis --- cell viability --- c-FLIP --- XIAP --- artemisinin --- SH-SY5Y cells --- hippocampal neurons --- H2O2 --- AMPK pathway --- atherosclerosis --- sphingomyelin synthase 2 --- endothelial dysfunction --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- β-catenin --- insulin resistance --- cancer --- cardiovascular disease --- neurodegenerative disorders --- exercise --- mitochondria --- oxidative stress --- PGC-1 --- Nrf2 --- UCPs --- ROS --- light --- DNA damage --- evolution --- D-box --- cavefish --- Spalax --- trimethylamine N-oxide --- cardiomyocytes --- cardiotoxicity --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- CORM-2 --- NADPH oxidase --- AP-1 --- HO-1 --- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- glutathione (GSH) metabolism --- cancer therapy --- clear cell RCC --- papillary RCC --- chromophobe RCC --- sarcopenia --- reactive oxygen species --- redox signaling --- antioxidant supplementation --- protein aggregation --- redox --- proteinopathy --- peroxiredoxins --- tumorigenesis --- ROS scavengers --- n/a