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Debate on public issues--and where candidates stand on them-- have traditionally represented the focal point of presidential campaigns. In recent decades, however, rather than asking where candidates stand on the issues, the public increasingly wants to know who they are. The issue of character has thus come to dominate presidential elections. While there is increasing public awareness that the psychology, judgment, and leadership qualities of presidential candidates count, the basis on which these judgments should made remains unclear. Does it matter that Gary Hart changed his name or had an affair? Should Ed Muskie's loss of composure while defending his wife during a campaign speech, or Thomas Eagleton's hospitalization for depression, have counted against them? Looking back over the past 25 years, Stanley Renshon, a political scientist and psychoanalyst, provides the first comprehensive accounting of how character has become an increasingly important issue in a presidential campaign. He traces two related but distinctive approaches to the issue of presidential character and psychology. The first concerns the mental health of our candidates and presidents. Are they emotionally and personally stable? Is their temperament suitable for the presidency? The second concerns character. Is the candidate honest? Does he possess the necessary judgment and motivation to deal with the tremendous responsibilities and pressures of the office? Drawing on his clinical and political science training, Renshon has devised a theory which will allow the public to better evaluate presidential candidates. Why are honesty, integrity, and personal ideals so important in judging candidates? Is personal and political ambition necessarily a bad trait? Do extra-marital affairs really matter? Finally, and most importantly, how can the public tell whether a candidate's leadership will be enhanced or impeded by aspects of his personality?With this sweeping volume, Stanley Renshon has provided us with the most comprehensive account to date of how the public judges, and should judge, our future presidents.

Presidential candidates --- Psychology.

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Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years, and leads to remarkably high YLD (years lived with disability) rates. Even more importantly, people with schistosomiasis are highly susceptible to malaria, tuberculosis and hepatic and acquired immunodeficiency viruses. There is only one drug, praziquantel, currently available for treatment and it has high efficacy, low cost, and limited side effects. However, only 13% of the target population has received the drug, and those treated are at continuous risk of reinfection necessitating repeated drug administration and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is a constant threat. There currently is no vaccine. While the target of >40% protection has been achieved with some molecules such as excretory-secretory proteins including calpain, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases, very recent articles reiterate the findings published during the last 2 decades of the last century, contradicting the established data of the pioneers of schistosome biology. A consensus should be reached without delay, in order to propose collaborative independent experiments and proceed ahead to pre- and clinical trials with efficacious candidate vaccine molecules. The proposed plan aims to finally reach an objective and fruitful agreement , via inviting established and young researchers from the United States, Brazil, China, Australia, and Europe who are working with different vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and approaches for immunization against S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. It is hoped that the forum will end with a very few candidate antigens and a consensus approach regarding target immune responses, thus leading to encouraging the World Health Organization and other international foundations to sponsor the development and implementation of the urgently required, yet still elusive, vaccine for preventing and eliminating the transmission of schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis --- Schistosoma mansoni --- Schistosoma haematobium --- Type 2 cytokines --- Vaccine --- Immune responses --- Schistosoma japonicum --- Vaccine candidates

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H4 R is the newest member of the histamine receptor family, which was discovered about twelve years ago. It is considered a very promising drug target. The effort to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the currently available H4 R ligands is reflected in a steadily growing number of scientific publications and patent applications. Preclinical data strongly confirms the need for novel potent H4 R ligands to explore their therapeutic value in allergy, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and possibly, cancer. Readers will be provided with extensive knowledge on histamine metabolism, as well as cellular histamine transport, storage and release, effects of histamine and histamine receptor ligands, with particular attention to the H4 R, on inflammatory cells including mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. The present knowledge on the regulatory role of histamine and the therapeutic exploitation of histamine receptor ligands in atopic diseases, with emphasis on human and animal models of asthma, allergic dermatitis and pruritus are discussed.

Histamine. --- G protein coupled receptors, H4R ligands, Inflammation, Autoimmune Disorders, Pruritus, Asthma, Allergy, Cancer, Drug Development, Drug Target, Clinical Candidates, Biogenic Amin.

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The book represents an attempt to further bridges between mainstream theory on representation, and gender and politics theory, while offering a significant amount of empirical evidence. It links political input and output by tackling the democratic process from three different angles: the mechanisms to access the representative institutions, how do the representatives perform once they are elected, and how well the MP's opinions match the voters' opinions, or how well does the 'electoral connection' function in substantive terms.

Women legislators --- Women political candidates --- Representative government and representation --- Femmes parlementaires --- Candidates (Elections) --- Gouvernement représentatif --- 657 Vrouwenemancipatie --- 214 Parlement --- #SBIB:316.346H24 --- 396.9 --- BPB0704 --- Positie van de vrouw in de samenleving: politiek --- Vrouw en politiek --- 396.9 Vrouw en politiek --- Gouvernement représentatif --- Political systems --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Political sociology --- European Union --- Women - Political activity - Europe, Western --- Women - Political activity - European Union countries --- Feminism - Europe, Western --- Feminism - European Union countries --- Women --- Feminism

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Internal politics --- Political sociology --- Belgium --- Elections --- Academic collection --- #SBIB:323H421 --- #SBIB:324H41 --- BPB1404 --- Élection --- Candidat --- 314.1 Verkiezingen --- Belgische verkiezingen: werken: parlement --- Politieke structuren: elite --- Verkiezing --- Kandidaat --- Political candidates --- Sociological aspects --- kandidāts --- υποψήφιος --- candidat în alegeri --- jelölt --- kandidaat --- kandidatas --- candidate --- kandidát --- Kandidat --- kandidat --- ehdokas --- kandydat --- кандидат --- candidato --- Wahlbewerber --- Wahlkandidat --- Bewerber --- изборен кандидат --- εκλογές --- elecciones --- verkiezing --- election --- alegeri --- избори --- valg --- választás --- vēlēšanas --- voľby --- volby --- zgjedhje --- vaalit --- volitve --- val --- izbori --- Wahl --- eleição --- elezione --- rinkimai --- wybory --- valimised --- elezzjoni --- Political parties --- anno 1980-1989 --- anno 1990-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 2010-2019 --- iarrthóir --- toghchán --- Élection