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Banking on Milk takes the reader on a journey through the everyday life of donor human milk banking across the United Kingdom (UK) and beyond, asking questions such as the following: Why do people decide to donate? How do parents of recipients hear about human milk? How does milk donation impact on lifestyle choices? Chapters record the practical everyday reality of work in a milk bank by drawing on extensive ethnographic observations and sensitive interview data from donors, mothers of recipients and the staff of four different milk banks from across the UK, and visits to milk banks across Europe and North America. It discusses the ongoing pressures to do with supply, demand and distribution. An empirically informed "ethnography of the contemporary", where both biosociality and biopower abound, this book includes an exploration of how milk banks evolved from registering wet nurses with hospitals, showing how a regulatory culture of medical authority began to quantify and organize human milk as a commodity. This book is a valuable read for all those with an interest in breastfeeding or organ and tissue donation from a range of fields, including midwifery, sociology, anthropology, geography, cultural studies and public health.

Breast milk --- Breastfeeding. --- Collection and preservation. --- Infants --- Lactation --- Wet nurses --- Breast feeding --- Nursing (Breastfeeding) --- Suckling --- Food handling --- Collection of breast milk --- Preservation of breast milk --- Nutrition --- Preservation --- Storage --- Nursing specialties;Social and cultural anthropology;Health, illness and addiction: social aspects

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All parts of our body having communication with the external environment such as the skin, vagina, the respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal tract are colonized by a specific microbial community. The colon is by far the most densely populated organ in the human body. The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. These microbial ecosystems regulate important functions of the host, and their functionality and the balance among the diverse microbial populations is essential for the maintenance of a “healthy status”. The impressive development in recent years of next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have made possible to determine the gut microbiome composition. This, together with the application of other high throughput omic techniques and the use of gnotobiotic animals has greatly improved our knowledge of the microbiota acting as a whole. In spite of this, most members of the human microbiota are largely unknown and remain still uncultured. The final functionality of the microbiota is depending not only on nutrient availability and environmental conditions, but also on the interrelationships that the microorganisms inhabiting the same ecological niche are able to establish with their partners, or with their potential competitors. Therefore, in such a competitive environment microorganisms have had to develop strategies allowing them to cope, adapt, or cooperate with their neighbors, which may imply notable changes at metabolic, physiological and genetic level. The main aim of this Research Topic was to contribute to better understanding complex interactions among microorganisms residing in human microbial habitats.All parts of our body having communication with the external environment such as the skin, vagina, the respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal tract are colonized by a specific microbial community. The colon is by far the most densely populated organ in the human body. The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. These microbial ecosystems regulate important functions of the host, and their functionality and the balance among the diverse microbial populations is essential for the maintenance of a “healthy status”. The impressive development in recent years of next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have made possible to determine the gut microbiome composition. This, together with the application of other high throughput omic techniques and the use of gnotobiotic animals has greatly improved our knowledge of the microbiota acting as a whole. In spite of this, most members of the human microbiota are largely unknown and remain still uncultured. The final functionality of the microbiota is depending not only on nutrient availability and environmental conditions, but also on the interrelationships that the microorganisms inhabiting the same ecological niche are able to establish with their partners, or with their potential competitors. Therefore, in such a competitive environment microorganisms have had to develop strategies allowing them to cope, adapt, or cooperate with their neighbors, which may imply notable changes at metabolic, physiological and genetic level. The main aim of this Research Topic was to contribute to better understanding complex interactions among microorganisms residing in human microbial habitats.

bacterial-pathogen infection --- Quorum Sensing --- Bifidobacterium --- Short Chain Fatty Acids --- Biofilm --- gnotobiotic mice --- breast milk --- human microbiota --- Bacteroides

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This Nutrients Special Issue focuses on neonatal nutritional advances for inflammatory disorders affecting infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Nutrition can significantly impact the development of certain diseases that afflict infants. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research on the role of nutrition in preventing or impacting neonatal disorders. Specifically, this Special Issue focuses on the role of breast milk or donor breast milk and the various components in milk that have been demonstrated to protect against NEC and other inflammatory diseases. This issue provides a comprehensive composite of the advances in nutritional strategies that can modulate or prevent neonatal intestinal disorders.

donor breast milk --- human milk --- milk analysis --- very low birth weight --- preterm --- growth --- preterm infant --- donor human milk --- formula feeding --- breastfeeding --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- breast milk --- prematurity --- immunity --- newborn --- inflammation --- colostrum administration --- premature neonates --- clinical outcomes --- intestinal resection --- short bowel syndrome --- intestinal adaptation --- microbiome --- parenteral nutrition --- hormones --- milk fat globule --- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- premature infants --- neonatal --- intestine --- glycosaminoglycans --- intestinal inflammation --- bioactive --- donor milk --- gastroschisis --- intestinal atresia --- human milk fortifier --- patient empowerment --- neonatal nutrition --- communication --- product labeling --- NICU parent --- extracellular vesicle --- exosome --- immature intestine --- formula --- osmolality --- breastmilk --- late onset sepsis --- bloodstream infections --- enteric pathogens --- human milk banks --- NEC --- meta-analysis --- breast-feeding --- spontaneous intestinal perforation --- feeding --- nutrition

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Paediatrics --- Breast Feeding --- Lactation --- Breastfeeding --- Allaitement maternel --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Breast Feeding. --- Lactation. --- Breastfeeding. --- Milk --- Lactation, Prolonged --- Lactations, Prolonged --- Prolonged Lactation --- Prolonged Lactations --- Breast Feeding, Exclusive --- Breastfeeding, Exclusive --- Exclusive Breast Feeding --- Exclusive Breastfeeding --- Feeding, Breast --- Milk secretion --- Breast feeding --- Nursing (Breastfeeding) --- Suckling --- Secretion --- breastfeeding --- health outcomes --- public health --- Milk yield --- Physiology --- Breast milk --- Prolactin --- Breast --- Milk, Human --- Galactogogues --- Infants --- Wet nurses --- Nutrition --- Milk Secretion --- Milk Secretions --- Geriatrics --- Human medicine --- gerontologie --- Pediatrics --- Breast Fed --- Breastfed --- Milk Sharing --- Wet Nursing --- Sharing, Milk --- Alletament. --- Lactació. --- Secreció de llet --- Fisiologia --- Alletament --- Llet materna --- Prolactina --- Alletament matern --- Alletament natural --- Lactància --- Lactància materna --- Lactància natural --- Alimentació dels nodrissons --- Dides --- Lactació --- Mama --- Nodrissons

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Human lactation has evolved to produce a milk composition that is uniquely-designed for the human infant. Not only does human milk optimize infant growth and development, it also provides protection from infection and disease. More recently, the importance of human milk and breastfeeding in the programming of infant health has risen to the fore. Anchoring of infant feeding in the developmental origins of health and disease has led to a resurgence of research focused in this area. Milk composition is highly variable both between and within mothers. Indeed the distinct maternal human milk signature, including its own microbiome, is influenced by environmental factors, such as diet, health, body composition and geographic residence. An understanding of these changes will lead to unravelling the adaptation of milk to the environment and its impact on the infant. In terms of the promotion of breastfeeding, health economics and epidemiology is instrumental in shaping public health policy and identifying barriers to breastfeeding. Further, basic research is imperative in order to design evidence-based interventions to improve both breastfeeding duration and women’s breastfeeding experience.

Cambodia --- milk metabolomics --- galactogogues --- adequate intake --- postnatal outcomes --- cytomegalovirus --- midwifery --- milk synthesis --- chromatography --- protein --- lactoferrin --- human lactation --- ultrasound skinfolds --- breastfed infants --- knowledge --- pregnancy --- casein --- SEA --- maternal factors --- ethnicity --- post-partum distress --- bottle --- composition --- feeding --- co-sleeping --- passive immunity --- glycerophosphocholine --- anthropometrics --- antimicrobial proteins --- professional support --- mothers of preterm infants --- responsive feeding --- lactating women --- peptidomics --- triiodothyronine --- preterm --- mother–infant physical contact --- expressing --- preterm infant --- appetite regulation --- justification of supplementation --- body composition --- zinc supplementation --- antibodies --- antisecretory factor --- proteolysis --- enteral nutrition --- Ecuador --- growth factors --- maternal responsiveness --- maternal wellbeing --- nipple shield --- microbiome --- maternal distress --- sodium --- thyroid --- maternal diet --- thyroxine --- IgA --- caesarean section --- raw breast milk --- colostrum --- fatty acids --- breast milk --- immune cells --- metabolites --- PEA --- premature --- mode of delivery --- endocannabinoids --- lipids --- practice --- fat synthesis --- attitudes --- feeding cues --- infant --- Docosahexaenoic acid --- Arachidonic acid --- GDM --- milk-acquired infections --- zinc deficiency --- ICP-OES --- social support --- infants --- omega-6 fatty acids --- infant health --- HGF --- omega-3 fatty acids --- OEA --- leptin --- milk metabolites --- Canada --- mother–infant interaction --- NMR spectroscopy --- lipidomics --- infection --- breastfeeding support --- prematurity --- phosphocholine --- immunity --- Quito --- sex-specificity --- choline --- paternal role --- inflammation --- docosahexaenoic acid --- partner support --- proximal care --- thyroid antibodies --- adipokines --- calculated daily intakes --- candida --- proton nuclear magnetic resonance --- N-acylethanolamines --- milk intake --- whey --- bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy --- breastfeeding --- n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid --- babywearing --- milk composition --- breastmilk --- obesity --- lactation --- infant growth --- formula supplementation --- early life nutrition --- adiponectin --- milk cells --- potassium --- human milk --- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- Andean region --- Ireland --- mass spectrometry --- geographical location --- diet --- dietary recommendations --- TGF-? --- ion selective electrode --- plasma zinc --- barriers --- infant feeding --- human milk composition --- Breastfeeding