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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

vascular remodeling --- Smooth Muscle Cell --- endothelial cell --- hypoxia --- Fibrosis --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- Mitochondria --- Bleomycin --- Inflammation --- Iron

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arterial hypertension --- dialysis and kidney transplants --- nephrology --- Nephrology --- Kidneys --- Kidney Diseases. --- Nehprology --- Nephrology. --- Diseases --- Diseases. --- Internal medicine --- Kidney diseases --- Nephritis --- Nephropathy --- Renal diseases --- Disease, Kidney --- Diseases, Kidney --- Kidney Disease --- Renal Replacement Therapy --- Abdomen --- Urinary organs --- Periodical.

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The natriuretic peptides (NPs) family includes a class of hormones and their receptors needed for the physiological control of cardiovascular functions. The discovery of NPs provided a fundamental contribution into our understanding of the physiological regulation of blood pressure, and of heart and kidney functions. NPs have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. A fine comprehension of the molecular mechanisms dependent from NPs and underlying the promotion of cardiovascular damage has contributed to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of all major CVDs. Finally, the opportunity to target NPs in order to develop new therapeutic tools for a better treatment of CVDs has been developed over the years. The current Special Issue of the Journal covers all major aspects of the molecular implications of NPs in physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system, including NP-based therapeutic approaches.

postmortem biochemistry --- medulla --- animal models --- remodeling --- BNP --- PCSK9 --- guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A --- cardiorenal syndrome --- forensic medicine --- preserved ejection fraction --- kidney --- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- atrial fibrillation --- vasopressor --- congestive heart failure --- atrial natriuretic peptide --- gene-knockout --- obesity --- heart failure --- angiogenesis --- adipose tissue --- vascular --- LDL receptor --- metabolic syndrome --- linkage analysis --- cardiometabolic disease --- cardiomyocyte --- cardiac dysfunction --- cardiac hypertrophy --- insulin --- lipid metabolism --- cGMP --- Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH) --- Natriuretic Peptide Clearance Receptor (NPR-C) signaling --- gene-duplication --- renin–angiotensin system --- natriuretic peptides --- angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor --- cardiac remodelling --- ARNi --- NT-proBNP --- inflammation --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- vascular homeostasis --- endothelial cell --- Atrial Natriuretic peptide --- natriuretic peptide --- vasodilator --- stroke --- genetic variants --- arterial hypertension --- fibroblast --- MANP --- hypertension --- guanylyl cyclase receptor A

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Oligonucleotides (ON) constitute a new group of molecular agents, the object of significant interest due to their potential value as drugs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Their special interest derives from the intrinsic characteristics of ONs: a) ONs are informative agents, a property that derives from the order in which the nucleotides of each particular ON are arranged; b) ONs can act as ligands (ASO, TFO, aptamers, G-quadruplex, etc.) of complementary nucleic acid sequences (DNA or RNA) due to their high capacity to hybridize (by means of Watson and Crick or Hoogsteen links) with other nucleotide sequences, resulting in specific gene modulatory effects. However, nonspecific sequences may also be of interest, as is the case with repetitive nucleotide sequences (CpG) with adjuvant effects of vaccines; c) ONs can also rapidly evolve to achieve specific advantages of utility (targeting, stability, efficacy, toxicity, etc.) or high-sensitivity diagnostic technology (markers, analyzes, biosensors, FISH, microarrays, etc.), by chemical modification of nucleotides in any of their atoms. These properties show that ONs are first-order molecules due to their potential usefulness in practice.In this collection of research articles and review papers, we aim to highlight their therapeutic, but also diagnostic and technological utility as drugs.

quantum dots (QDs) --- DNAzyme --- ROS --- Amplex Red --- light-induced activity --- DNA methylation --- histone code --- microRNA --- nanoparticles --- noncoding RNA --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- aptamer --- aptasensor --- influenza --- SERS --- virus detection --- α-synuclein --- antisense oligonucleotide --- dopamine neurotransmission --- double mutant A30P*A53T* --- motor deficits --- Parkinson’s disease --- transgenic mouse model --- G-quadruplexes --- covalent dimer construct --- anti-proliferative activity --- primary cell culture of human glioma --- antisensense oligonucleotide --- Foxp3 --- regulatory T cells --- vaccine immunogenicity --- Sporothrix schenckii --- Marfan syndrome --- fibrillin-1 --- antisense oligonucleotides --- exon skipping --- splice-switching

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This book focuses of the neurotransmission phenomenon. By definition, neurotransmitters are chemicals that enable communication, i.e., the flow of nerve impulses between nerve cells or between nerve cells and muscles and glands. Recently, one can distinguish excitatory and inhibitory mediators, both of which are endo–exogenous compounds that control the function of the whole organism. From a chemical point of view, neurotransmitters belong to many different structural groups, such as amino acids (such as glycine), peptides (such as substance P, somatostatin), monoamines (such as noradrenaline or dopamine), purine derivatives (such as adenosine), gases (such as nitrogen, NO, carbon monoxide CO), and acetylcholine. From a medical point of view, disturbances in the concentration of neurotransmitters in the body result in the occurrence of mental disorders and diseases (such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease) and contribute to the occurrence of dementia (including Alzheimer’s disease), among other diseases. However, the problem is much wider. These disorders can lead to a number of cardiovascular diseases and can lead to the development of vascular diseases of the brain as well as in many other organs. Therefore, pharmacological intervention is a therapy that tries to interfere with regulatory processes year after year. Such treatments improve survival, reduce the frequency of readmission, and improve patients' quality of life.

white matter hyperintensities --- dysautonomia --- genetic polymorphisms --- dementia --- levodopa --- renin-angiotensin system --- orthostatic hypotension --- reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model --- vortioxetine --- ropinirole --- serotonin and dopamine in fibromyalgia --- mouse --- dopamine --- acetylcholine --- glutamate --- BDNF --- serotonin --- neurotransmitters --- statins --- neurodegenerative diseases --- stroke --- depression --- androgenetic alopecia --- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors --- mixed dyslipidemia --- risk factors --- halogenated pyrazolines --- monoamine oxidase inhibitors --- kinetics --- reversibility --- molecular dynamics --- guanylate cyclase (GC) --- chronic heart failure (CHF) --- pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) --- tiagabine --- cardiac voltage-gated ion channels --- molecular modeling --- ECG study --- SGLT2i --- sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors --- neuroprotection --- atheroprotection --- mTOR --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- cognitive impairment --- inflammation --- oxidative stress --- antibiotics --- neurotoxicity --- adverse drug reaction --- neurotransmission --- 5-HT receptors --- gastrointestinal tract