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The book Quantum Cascade Lasers is divided into two sections. More specifically, in Section 1, the calculations on the band structure of cascade lasers and on the electronic band structure of QCL (e.g., transfer matrix technique, finite element method, and variational method, among others) under the existence of an applied electric field are presented. Moreover, a detailed investigation of electrical and optoelectronic properties of multiple-quantum-well structure is carried out. Furthermore, a theoretical study on the intensity noise characteristics of quantum-cascade lasers under the external noncoherent optical injection is carried out. This section ends with an important description on growth methods for QCLs and the possibility of developing GaN-based QCLs among other materials. A few applications of cascade laser structures like power amplification and THz applications are presented, among others, in Section 2. The THz QCL design and fabrication toward the high-temperature and large-average output power operations for the real applications are described. Furthermore, the importance of the power amplification and coherent combination techniques to improve the output power maintaining the single-mode operation is presented.

Lasers --- Design and construction. --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Optoelectronics --- Physics --- Optics and Lasers

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Light and light based technologies have played an important role in transforming our lives via scientific contributions spanned over thousands of years. In this book we present a vast collection of articles on various aspects of light and its applications in the contemporary world at a popular or semi-popular level. These articles are written by the world authorities in their respective fields. This is therefore a rare volume where the world experts have come together to present the developments in this most important field of science in an almost pedagogical manner. This volume covers five aspects related to light. The first presents two articles, one on the history of the nature of light, and the other on the scientific achievements of Ibn-Haitham (Alhazen), who is broadly considered the father of modern optics. These are then followed by an article on ultrafast phenomena and the invisible world. The third part includes papers on specific sources of light, the discoveries of which have revolutionized optical technologies in our lifetime. They discuss the nature and the characteristics of lasers, Solid-state lighting based on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, and finally modern electron optics and its relationship to the Muslim golden age in science. The book’s fourth part discusses various applications of optics and light in today's world, including biophotonics, art, optical communication, nanotechnology, the eye as an optical instrument, remote sensing, and optics in medicine. In turn, the last part focuses on quantum optics, a modern field that grew out of the interaction of light and matter. Topics addressed include atom optics, slow, stored and stationary light, optical tests of the foundation of physics, quantum mechanical properties of light fields carrying orbital angular momentum, quantum communication, and Wave-Particle dualism in action.

Physics. --- Quantum optics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Quantum Optics. --- Popular Science in Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators

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Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness, a technique that teaches that similar problems and solutions appear again and again in seemingly dissimilar disciplines. This unique approach builds bridges and enhances connections between the three aforementioned areas of physics that are essential for developing the next generation of accelerators.Boasting more than 200 illustrations, this highly visual text:Employs TRIZ to amalgamate and link different areas of scienceAvoi

Particle accelerators. --- Lasers. --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Accelerators, Particle --- Atom smashers --- Charged particle accelerators --- Nuclear physics --- Accelerator mass spectrometry --- Instruments --- beam --- cooling --- emission --- inventive --- principles --- proton --- pulse --- radiation --- stimulated --- synchrotron

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Chirality, or handedness, is a fundamental physical characteristic, which spans the length scales ranging from elementary particles to the chiral asymmetry of spiral galaxies. The way in which chirality in chemistry, or molecular handedness, may have emerged in a primitive terrestrial environment, and how it can be triggered, amplified, and transferred, are deeply challenging problems rooted in both fundamental scientific interests and the technological potentials for science and society. Chirality constitutes a unifying feature of the living world and is a prime driving force for molecular selection and genetic evolution in biology. In this book, we offer a selection of five distinct approaches to this problem by leading experts in the field. The selected topics range from protein chirality and its relevance to protein ageing, protein aggregation and neurodegeneration, entropy production associated with chiral symmetry breaking in closed systems, chiral oscillations in polymerization models involving higher-order oligomers, the mirror symmetry breaking in liquids and its implications for the development of homochirality in abiogenesis, the role of chirality in the chemical sciences, and some philosophical implications of chirality.

biochirality --- post-translational modifications --- protein folding --- protein aggregation --- spontaneous chemical reactions --- neurodegeneration --- non-equilibrium phase transitions --- chiral symmetry breaking --- entropy production --- closed systems --- nonequilibrium --- dissipative structures --- mirror symmetry breaking --- biological chirality --- liquid crystals --- proto-RNA --- networks --- compartmentalization --- chiral liquids --- cubic phases --- prebiotic chemistry --- chirality amplification --- helical self-assembly --- chiral oscillations --- spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking --- origin of homochirality --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- biological homochirality --- chemical abiotic evolution --- chirality --- origin of life --- dissipative reaction systems

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The problem of rock mechanics and engineering is an old and new subject encountered by human beings in their struggle with nature for survival and development. To call it ancient means that it has a long history; however, speaking of it as brand-new refers to the continuous emergence of new problems and new situations in engineering practice, which is quite challenging. With the development of human engineering activities, the issues surrounding rock engineering are becoming more and more prominent, and the problems encountered are becoming more and more complex. In the practice of solving complex rock engineering, human beings have summarized many topics that are difficult to explain or solve with classical mechanics.

kaolin --- cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill sample --- mechanical properties --- macroscopic failure --- microstructure --- non-pillar coal mining --- crushed rocks --- compression test --- deformation characteristics --- lateral stress --- tunnel through fault --- concrete lining structure --- fault dislocation --- seismic deterioration effect --- dynamic contact force --- seismic damage analysis --- directions of incident waves --- slope topography --- amplification effects --- ground motions --- equivalent nodal forces --- tight sandstone gas reservoirs --- rock-physics template --- Biot–Rayleigh theory --- total porosity --- microcrack porosity --- n/a --- Biot-Rayleigh theory