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A vexed figure inhabits U.S. literature and culture: the visibly racialized immigrant who disavows minority identity and embraces the American dream. Such figures are potent and controversial for they promise to atone for racial violence and perpetuate an exceptionalist ideal of America. In this book, Swati Rana builds on studies of character and racial form and offers a new way to view characterization through racialization that creates, through literary analysis, a fuller social reading of race. Rana focuses on immigrant writers who do not fit an oppositional framing of ethnic literature. Situated in a nascent period of ethnic identification from 1900 to 1960, writings by Paule Marshall, Ameen Rihani, Dalip Singh Saund, Jose Garcia Villa, and Jose Antonio Villarreal explore different aspects of the American dream, from individualism to imperialism, assimilation to upward mobility.

American literature --- Minorities in literature. --- American Dream in literature. --- Minorities as a theme in literature --- Ethnic literature (American) --- Minority literature (American) --- Minority authors.

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The ideology of the American dream--the faith that an individual can attain success and virtue through strenuous effort--is the very soul of the American nation. According to Jennifer Hochschild, we have failed to face up to what that dream requires of our society, and yet we possess no other central belief that can save the United States from chaos. In this compassionate but frightening book, Hochschild attributes our national distress to the ways in which whites and African Americans have come to view their own and each other's opportunities. By examining the hopes and fears of whites and especially of blacks of various social classes, Hochschild demonstrates that America's only unifying vision may soon vanish in the face of racial conflict and discontent. Hochschild combines survey data and vivid anecdote to clarify several paradoxes. Since the 1960's white Americans have seen African Americans as having better and better chances to achieve the dream. At the same time middle-class blacks, by now one-third of the African American population, have become increasingly frustrated personally and anxious about the progress of their race. Most poor blacks, however, cling with astonishing strength to the notion that they and their families can succeed--despite their terrible, perhaps worsening, living conditions. Meanwhile, a tiny number of the estranged poor, who have completely given up on the American dream or any other faith, threaten the social fabric of the black community and the very lives of their fellow blacks. Hochschild probes these patterns and gives them historical depth by comparing the experience of today's African Americans to that of white ethnic immigrants at the turn of the century. She concludes by claiming that America's only alternative to the social disaster of intensified racial conflict lies in the inclusiveness, optimism, discipline, and high-mindedness of the American dream at its best.

bevolking --- #KVHA:American Dream --- #KVHA:Geschiedenis Verenigde Staten --- Social classes --- African Americans --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions --- United States --- Race relations. --- Race question --- Sociology of minorities --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- #KVHA:American Studies --- #KVHA:Geschiedenis; Verenigde Staten --- 812 Ideologie --- 842 Media --- 844.6 Samenlevingsproblemen --- 844 Sociale Structuur --- 846.1 Etniciteit --- 846.2 Racisme --- 846 Identiteit --- 850 Vrede- en conflictstudies --- 858 Geweld --- 860 (Vredes)cultuur --- 882.4 Noord-Amerika --- Economic conditions --- Race relations --- -African Americans --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Class distinction --- Classes, Social --- Rank --- Caste --- Estates (Social orders) --- Social status --- Class consciousness --- Classism --- Social stratification --- -United States --- Black people --- United States of America --- -Economic conditions