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Cheese is an excellent and complex food matrix that preserves in concentrated form valuable milk constituents, such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and biofunctional lipids. The formation of cheese mass requires the removal of whey, i.e., water and soluble milk substances—proteins, minerals, lactose, and vitamins. It is well known that whey, apart from being a serious environmental threat, is a valuable substrate for the formation of new products with excellent functional and biological activities. This reprint aims to share research related to (i) cheese production, ripening, and properties, and (ii) whey and whey components’ functionality and biological value, as well as whey exploitation and processing.

ACE inhibition --- antioxidant activity --- hydrolysis --- response surface methodology --- whey protein concentrate --- Parmigiano Reggiano cheese --- somatic cells --- milk composition --- cheese yield --- cheesemaking losses --- cheese ripening --- ripening extension --- cheese microstructure --- free amino acids --- capillary electrophoresis --- proteolysis --- volatile compounds --- confocal laser scanning microscopy --- dairy product analysis --- cheese peptidomics --- cheesemaking --- data-independent acquisition --- whey --- buttermilk --- second cheese whey --- ultrafiltration --- reduced-fat cheese --- hard cheese --- long ripened cheese --- ripening rooms --- environmental ripening conditions --- quantitative descriptive analysis --- texture --- water activity --- image analysis --- cheesemaking technology --- milk whey --- hydrolyzed collagen --- bioavailability --- “bryndza” cheese --- electronic nose --- gas chromatography --- volatile organic compounds --- microbiota --- Flammulina velutipes --- protein–polysaccharide complexes --- stability --- bio-layer interferometry --- in vitro digestibility --- binding regions --- Quark-type cheese --- cow cheese milk homogenization --- cheese milk heat treatment --- sugars and organic acids --- proteolysis indices --- texture profile analysis --- whey protein denaturation --- n/a --- "bryndza" cheese --- protein-polysaccharide complexes

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This Special Issue on the "Extraction and Fractionation Processes of Functional Components in Food Engineering" aims to bring together novel advances in the development and application of innovative processing strategies to extract, isolate, and modify food compounds to produce ingredients and foods with improved nutritional, functional, and biological properties. Topics include: - Development of innovative processing strategies to extract, modify, and recover food compounds. - Effects of industrial processes on the functionality and biological activities of food compounds. - Bioconversion of agricultural waste streams and food byproducts into added valuable compounds. - Challenges associated with processing scale-up.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- terpene --- pinene --- Escherichia coli --- whey --- whey permeate --- biosynthesis --- microbial --- peptides --- hydrolysates --- hypertension --- aqueous extraction process --- extraction yields --- cream demulsification --- oil recovery --- almond flour --- walnut oil --- rancidity --- induction time --- rancimat --- response surface methodology --- acid-soluble collagen --- snakehead fish --- fish skin --- the mixture of skin and scale --- denaturation temperature --- FTIR --- food proteins --- novel extraction methodologies --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- bioactive peptides --- seeds --- supercritical CO2 extraction --- solvent extraction --- expeller pressing --- enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction --- techno-economic analysis --- life cycle assessment --- n/a

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This Special Issue on “Beverage Sensory Modification” presents a series of articles that feature the broad sense of sensory modification with regards to beverages, either by improving their flavor, taste, and mouthfeel properties, or through prevention of spoilage. The scope goes further than the usual technological measures that modulate sensory properties and includes psychological and cross-modal influences, where the sensory modification occurs in the subject’s brain rather than as a result of modified physical–chemical properties of objects.

n/a --- isoboles --- synergy --- wine tasting --- wine perception --- water solution --- oxidative stability --- cross-modality --- taste --- vanilla flavor --- volatile phenols --- glass swirling --- wine aging --- spoilage --- CATA --- flavored milk --- cross-modal correspondence --- beverage --- time–intensity evaluation --- expectations --- temporal profile --- taste-aroma interactions --- sweetness enhancement --- opening sounds --- glass shape --- pivot profile --- shape --- Dekkera --- flavan-3-ols --- nonequilibrium conditions --- oxidation --- packaging --- clarification --- sweetener --- off-flavors --- Brettanomyces --- whey --- closure type --- coffee beverage --- oxygen sensor --- untrained panelist --- fermented beverage --- reduction --- sugar --- wine --- time-intensity evaluation

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Food waste is becoming an important and growing concern at both local and global levels. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), one-third of all food production is wasted globally, and in particular, 1.3 billion tons of food produced for human consumption is wasted per year, representing an economic loss of EUR 800 billion. The main foods wasted are represented by vegetables, fruits, meat, and fish. Considering the high availability and the composition of food waste, there is an increasing interest in their bio-valorization. Moreover, according to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 12 and 13), an appropriate waste management represents an essential prerequisite for the sustainable development.This reprint collects interesting manuscripts regarding innovative research focused on food waste valorization through fermentation processes for obtaining value-added products such as enzymes, feed additives, biofuels, animal feeds as well as other useful chemicals or products, food-grade pigments, and single-cell protein (SCP), enhancing food security and environmentally sustainable development.

industrial food waste --- valorization --- biorefinery --- bioenergy --- biobased materials --- promotion policy --- rice husk --- pyrolysis --- porous biochar --- pore property --- surface composition --- microbial red pigment --- Monascus purpureus --- simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation --- sustainability --- whey --- RSM --- bioethanol --- yeast fermentation --- sugar beet molasses --- industrial by-product --- scale-up --- agricultural waste --- wastewater --- microbial fuel cell --- techno-economic --- commercialization --- life cycle assessment --- Neurospora intermedia --- bread --- process development --- cheese whey --- Aspergillus awamori --- β-galactosidase --- lactose hydrolysis --- Acetobacter xylinum --- bacterial cellulose --- biosurfactant --- bioemulsifier --- waste frying oil --- Bacillus cereus --- food additives --- cookie --- microalgae --- DHA --- lignocellulosic biomass --- organosolv fractionation --- liquid fraction --- solid pulp --- omega-3 fatty acids --- soap --- olives --- olive oil --- fermentation --- food waste --- fish waste --- citrus peel --- aquafeed --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- Lactobacillus reuteri --- whey product --- proteins --- ultrafiltration --- nanofiltration --- keratinocytes scratch assay --- mozzarella cheese manufacturing --- pressing residue --- grape --- apple --- silage --- animal production --- enzyme production --- polyphenols --- Juglans regia L. --- walnut green husk --- agricultural wastes --- soil conditions --- glucans --- pectins --- Aspergillus oryzae --- rice hull --- paper mill wastewater --- bioremediation --- amylase --- solid-state fermentation (SSF) --- goat feeding --- durian peel --- silage additives --- propionate --- methane mitigation --- nitrogen balance --- waste management --- biofuel production --- circular economy --- single cell protein --- value-added product --- food and feed production --- yeast --- probiotics

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Applied biocatalysis and biotransformation, that is, the use of enzymes and whole-cell systems in manufacturing processes for synthetic purposes, has been experiencing a clear boom in recent years, which has led to the start of the so-called “fourth wave”. In fact, the latest advances in bioinformatics, system biology, process intensification, and, in particular, enzyme-directed evolution (encouraged by the 2018 Nobel Prize awarded to F. Arnold), are widening the range of the efficacy of biocatalysts and accelerating the rate at which new enzymes are becoming available, even for activities not previously known. European scientists have been very actively involved in different aspects of this field. Nine contributions dealing with different aspects of applied biocatalysis developed by European researchers are gathered in this Special Issue

biocatalysis --- glycosidases --- isomerases --- Pichia pastoris --- sweeteners --- rare sugars --- cheese whey --- sustainable chemistry --- penicillin acylase --- aculeacin acylase --- N-acyl-homoserine lactone acylases --- quorum quenching --- biofouling --- estolides --- castor oil --- lipase --- candida antarctica lipase A --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- hydroxynitrile lyase --- oxynitrilase --- His-tag --- immobilization --- batch --- continuous flow --- Geobacillus thermocatenolatus --- lipases --- ethanolysis --- ionic liquids --- kinetic resolution --- mandelic acid --- Aspergillus --- fermentation --- filamentous fungi --- genetic engineering --- heterologous expression --- recombinant protein --- secretion --- transcriptional regulation --- n/a --- Halohydrin dehalogenases --- conformational dynamics --- active site tunnels --- molecular dynamics simulations --- omega-3 ethyl esters --- monkfish liver oil --- COSMO-RS --- fungal resting cells --- selectivity --- ketone body ester --- asymmetric synthesis --- configuration inversion