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Our everyday life is characterized by a multitude of emotionally relevant cues that we perceive and communicate via various sensory channels. This does not only encompass the obvious cases of auditory and visual modalities, but also olfactory, gustatory, and even tactile stimuli. Any kind of emotional situation in a natural setting is usually a multimodal experience: A friend welcomes us with warm words, a smile, and a happy voice; the sight of our favourite food is accompanied by a seductive smell and a delicious taste; the thrill of watching an exciting movie scene is intensified by a gripping soundtrack. In these situations, the signals from various senses do not stand on their own; they interact and create a unified emotional experience. Recent neuroscientific research has begun to accommodate this inherent multimodality of emotions in natural situations by studying the interaction of affectively relevant information from more than one sensory channel. Fascinating new aspects emerge concerning the neurobiology of emotion processing, and there is evidence that integrating emotional cues from various sources invokes brain processes that go beyond the well-known patterns observed during unimodal stimulation. The scope of this Research Topic is to gather novel and interesting studies dealing with the multimodality of emotions and their neural processing. We want to address researchers which are applying novel paradigms such as multimodal virtual reality settings, social interactions, and the combination of the auditory and visual domains with other sensory modalities such as smell, taste, or touch. Referring to this, we explicitly encourage articles describing new experimental approaches and analysis strategies. Our aim is to gain a comprehensive picture of how the brain combines emotionally relevant information from different sensory modalities. In particular, there is an urgent need for the integration of findings from electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging investigations as well as new insights from functional connectivity studies. We are convinced that this volume will be of high interest for a large community of brain researchers dealing with emotion research, social interaction, and complex multimodal integration processes.

Psychology --- Social Sciences --- emotion --- Valence --- chemosensation --- Attention --- Arousal --- multisensory integration --- Schizophrenia --- Fear extinction --- audiovisual --- Crossmodal Prediction

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It seems obvious that phenomenally conscious experience is something of great value, and that this value maps onto a range of important ethical issues. For example, claims about the value of life for those in Permanent Vegetative State (PVS); debates about treatment and study of disorders of consciousness; controversies about end-of-life care for those with advanced dementia; and arguments about the moral status of embryos, fetuses, and non-human animals arguably turn on the moral significance of various facts about consciousness. However, though work has been done on the moral significance of elements of consciousness, such as pain and pleasure, little explicit attention has been devoted to the ethical significance of consciousness.

Philosophy --- Consciousness --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self --- moral status --- affect --- phenomenal consciousness --- systematic account --- non-humans --- conscious experience --- valence --- humans --- nature --- Emotion --- Hedonism --- Instrumental and intrinsic value

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Les historiens en conviennent volontiers : la dîme fut l’une des principales institutions de l’Occident médiéval et moderne, quand bien même on la réduirait à un simple impôt ecclésiastique. Elle occupe pourtant une place négligeable dans l’historiographie des dernières décennies. Or quel fut son rôle véritable dans l’évolution des structures économiques et sociales de l’Europe occidentale ? La question est neuve, et lourde d’enjeux fondamentaux. Il s’agit notamment d’évaluer l’impact relatif des prélèvements fonciers, fiscaux et décimaux sur les populations assujetties. Plus encore, il est nécessaire de comprendre les rapports entre la dîme et des phénomènes aussi essentiels que la seigneurie, le fief, la paroisse ou la communauté d’habitants. Pour ce faire, il fallait mieux connaître les conditions concrètes de son prélèvement et de sa redistribution. Les contributions rassemblées dans ce volume mettent en évidence une variété des formes qui n’avaient jamais été prises en compte. Elles soulignent la fonction cruciale du prélèvement décimal dans l’organisation des rapports sociaux à l’échelle locale, régionale et européenne.

History of Europe --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1200-1499 --- Tithes --- Taxation --- Dîme --- Congresses --- History --- Congrès --- Histoire --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- --Moyen âge, --- Temps modernes, --- Colloque --- --2008 --- --Valence-sur-Baïse --- --actes --- --Dîme --- Actes de congrès --- Europe de l'Ouest --- Conditions sociales --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.161.2 --- Geschiedenis van de belastingen. --- Dîme --- Congrès --- Conditions économiques --- Actes de congrès. --- Congresses. --- Geschiedenis van de belastingen --- Histoire. --- Actes de congrès. --- --AA / International- internationaal --- Moyen âge, 476-1492 --- Temps modernes, 1492-1789 --- Valence-sur-Baïse --- Medieval & Renaissance Studies --- dîme --- institution --- époque moderne --- seigneurie

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physical geography --- regional geographic analysis --- territory --- sustainable development --- human geography --- environment --- Geografia --- Geography --- Géographie --- Geography. --- Valencia (Spain) --- Spain --- Spain. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Valencia (City) --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- España --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- Cosmografia --- Ciències de la terra --- Història universal --- イスパニア --- スペイン --- Balansiyah (Spain) --- Valence (Spain) --- Valentia (Spain)

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Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. Graphene's unique properties of thinness and conductivity have led to global research into its applications as a semiconductor. With the ability to well conduct electricity at room temperature, graphene semiconductors could easily be implemented into the existing semiconductor technologies and, in some cases, successfully compete with the traditional ones, such as silicon. This reprint presents very recent results in the physics of graphene, which can be important for applying the material in electronics.

Physics --- graphene --- scattering --- dephasing --- relaxation time --- band structure --- tight-binding model --- angle-resolved photoemission --- electron scattering --- augmented plane waves --- nanoscroll --- first-principle --- Klein tunneling --- borophene --- Dirac fermions --- electric field --- valence charge density --- image potential --- image-plane position --- image-potential states --- liquid conductor --- graphene solution --- circulating system --- microfluidic channel --- temperature --- optical power --- CVD graphene --- polycrystalline --- grain size --- single-crystalline grain --- grain boundary (GB) --- GB distribution --- sheet resistance --- transmission-line model measurement --- Bose-Einstein condensation --- superfluidity --- dipolar exitons --- low-dimensional semimetals --- electronic transport in graphene --- quantum hall effect --- ion-selective field-effect transistor --- sodium ions --- real-time monitoring --- mechanochemistry --- graphene nanosheets --- conductive ink --- inkjet printing --- printed electronics --- n/a