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This report is part of a larger study to determine the extent to which the appropriate use of medical procedures is related to overall rates of use among geographic areas. It is one of six volumes that report the ratings of panels of physicians on the appropriateness of performing each of six procedures for a wide variety of clinically specific indications.The six procedures were coronary angiography, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, cholecystectomy, diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, and carotid endarterectomy. This volume contains a literature review of carotid endarterectomy, a comprehensive set of indications for performing this procedure, and ratings of the appropriateness for each indication.

Carotid artery --- Endarterectomy --- Surgical indications --- Medical care --- Carotid Arteries --- Utilization Review. --- Surgery --- Utilization review --- surgery. --- utilization

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This report contains a review of the published literature on the diagnostic use of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from the procedure's introduction in the 1960s through 1981. In addition, it includes data on its findings, complications, costs, efficacy, utilization, and indications. It rates the appropriateness of each indication, and provides a medical record abstraction form and guidelines for its use.

Endoscopy --- Gastrointestinal system --- Clinical indications. --- Gastrointestinal Diseases --- Utilization Review. --- Evaluation. --- Diseases --- Diagnosis. --- utilization --- diagnosis.

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Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with or without stents and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) are the two broad categories of interventions for mechanical revascularization of atherosclerotic coronary arteries in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Generally, both approaches would be clinically relevant for patients with single-vessel disease of the proximal left anterior descending artery, most types of two-vessel disease, as well as for patients with three-vessel disease that is not particularly extensive. Because PCI and CABG differ in their procedural risk and their initial and downstream costs, assessing their comparative effectiveness and safety is of great interest. PCI and CABG have already been compared in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and analyses of large clinical registries. The aim of this report is to identify needs for future research in the comparison between PCI and CABG. We use as a basis the 2007 comparative effectiveness review (CER) by the Stanford-University of California at San Francisco Evidence-based Practice Center (Stanford-UCSF EPC) that assessed PCI vs. CABG for coronary artery disease (hereafter we refer to the report as the "Stanford CER" for brevity). The CER summarized evidence published through 2006.

Coronary artery bypass --- Transluminal angioplasty --- Coronary heart disease --- Medical care --- Surgical indications. --- Coronary Artery Bypass --- Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary --- Utilization Review. --- Evaluation. --- Surgery --- Utilization review --- utilization. --- Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary

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Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO2) is a widely accepted adjuvant therapy in various health conditions that exhibit impaired tissue blood flow. At high pressures, the delivery of the dissolved oxygen in plasma is enhanced, which contributes to better tissue oxygenation, cellular metabolism and ultimately, healing. However, this is not the only beneficial outcome of HBO2 treatment since oxygen is a highly reactive molecule and can induce upregulation of many enzymatic systems in the cell at the cellular, genetic and molecular level. Particularly, vascular/endothelial function is affected by the HBO2. Our understanding of these mechanisms is still emerging. There have been many controversies related to the HBO2 protocols and indications. As well as exhibiting beneficiary effects on the tissue perfusion, it is known that HBO2 demonstrates high toxicity at higher pressures, due to increased oxidative stress and barotrauma. On the other hand, there is a lack of translation of the knowledge on the mechanisms of action of HBO2 obtained from the experimental research to the clinical practice. Thus, this book presents the reader with an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of HBO2 effects in various experimental models and clinical treatment protocols, in an attempt to provide a better understanding of how and when HBO2 should be used as an effective therapy without unwanted side effects.

Physician practice patterns. --- Clinical practice patterns --- Clinical practice variations --- Medical practice patterns --- Physician profiling --- Physicians' practice patterns --- Practice patterns, Physician --- Profiling, Physician --- Medical care --- Utilization review --- Medicine --- Emergency Medicine --- Health Sciences

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The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method (RAM) allows the abilty to see which part of the health care system is being over- or underused. This manual presents step-by-step guidelines for conceptualizing, designing and carrying out a study of the appropriateness of medical or surgical procedures.

Clinical indications. --- Delphi method. --- Medical care. --- Medical care - Decision making. --- Medical care --- Clinical indications --- Delphi method --- Questionnaires --- Investigative Techniques --- Medical Informatics Applications --- Health Services --- Attitude to Health --- Delphi Technique --- Health Services Misuse --- Decision Support Techniques --- Data Collection --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures. --- Delivery of Health Care --- Medical Informatics --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Information Science --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care --- Decision making --- Utilization review --- Surveys and Questionnaires. --- Investigative Techniques. --- Medical Informatics Applications. --- Health Services. --- Attitude to Health. --- Delphi Technique. --- Health Services Misuse. --- Decision Support Techniques. --- Data Collection. --- Delivery of Health Care. --- Medical Informatics. --- Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services. --- Information Science. --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation. --- Decision making. --- Utilization review.