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Annotation In 1900, David Hilbert asked whether each locally euclidean topological group admits a Lie group structure. This was the fifth of his famous 23 questions which foreshadowed much of the mathematical creativity of the twentieth century. It required half a century of effort by several generations of eminent mathematicians until it was settled in the affirmative. These efforts resulted over time in the Peter-Weyl Theorem, the Pontryagin-van Kampen Duality Theorem for locally compact abelian groups, and finally the solution of Hilbert 5 and the structure theory of locally compact groups, through the combined work of Andrew Gleason, Kenkichi Iwasawa, Deane Montgomery, and Leon Zippin. For a presentation of Hilbert 5 see the 2014 book "Hilbert's Fifth Problem and Related Topics" by the winner of a 2006 Fields Medal and 2014 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics, Terence Tao. It is not possible to describe briefly the richness of the topological group theory and the many directions taken since Hilbert 5. The 900 page reference book in 2013 "The Structure of Compact Groups" by Karl H. Hofmann and Sidney A. Morris, deals with one aspect of compact group theory. There are several books on profinite groups including those written by John S. Wilson (1998) and by Luis Ribes and Pavel Zalesskii (2012). The 2007 book "The Lie Theory of Connected Pro-Lie Groups" by Karl Hofmann and Sidney A. Morris, demonstrates how powerful Lie Theory is in exposing the structure of infinite-dimensional Lie groups. The study of free topological groups initiated by A.A. Markov, M.I. Graev and S. Kakutani, has resulted in a wealth of interesting results, in particular those of A.V. Arkhangelski and many of his former students who developed this topic and its relations with topology. The book "Topological Groups and Related Structures" by Alexander Arkhangelskii and Mikhail Tkachenko has a diverse content including much material on free topological groups.Compactness conditions in topological groups, especially pseudocompactness as exemplified in the many papers of W.W. Comfort, has been another direction which has proved very fruitful to the present day.

Topological groups.

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This open access book provides an extensive treatment of Hardy inequalities and closely related topics from the point of view of Folland and Stein's homogeneous (Lie) groups. The place where Hardy inequalities and homogeneous groups meet is a beautiful area of mathematics with links to many other subjects. While describing the general theory of Hardy, Rellich, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg, Sobolev, and other inequalities in the setting of general homogeneous groups, the authors pay particular attention to the special class of stratified groups. In this environment, the theory of Hardy inequalities becomes intricately intertwined with the properties of sub-Laplacians and subelliptic partial differential equations. These topics constitute the core of this book and they are complemented by additional, closely related topics such as uncertainty principles, function spaces on homogeneous groups, the potential theory for stratified groups, and the potential theory for general Hörmander's sums of squares and their fundamental solutions. This monograph is the winner of the 2018 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize, a prestigious award for books of expository nature presenting the latest developments in an active area of research in mathematics. As can be attested as the winner of such an award, it is a vital contribution to literature of analysis not only because it presents a detailed account of the recent developments in the field, but also because the book is accessible to anyone with a basic level of understanding of analysis. Undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers from any field of mathematical and physical sciences related to analysis involving functional inequalities or analysis of homogeneous groups will find the text beneficial to deepen their understanding.

Topological Groups. --- Potential theory (Mathematics). --- Differential equations, partial. --- Harmonic analysis. --- Functional analysis. --- Global differential geometry. --- Topological Groups, Lie Groups. --- Potential Theory. --- Partial Differential Equations. --- Abstract Harmonic Analysis. --- Functional Analysis. --- Differential Geometry. --- Geometry, Differential --- Functional calculus --- Calculus of variations --- Functional equations --- Integral equations --- Green's operators --- Green's theorem --- Potential functions (Mathematics) --- Potential, Theory of --- Mathematical analysis --- Mechanics --- Groups, Topological --- Continuous groups --- Analysis (Mathematics) --- Functions, Potential --- Potential functions --- Banach algebras --- Calculus --- Mathematics --- Bessel functions --- Fourier series --- Harmonic functions --- Time-series analysis --- Partial differential equations --- Topological groups. --- Lie groups. --- Partial differential equations. --- Differential geometry. --- Differential geometry --- Groups, Lie --- Lie algebras --- Symmetric spaces --- Topological groups --- Lie groups --- Potential theory (Mathematics) --- Harmonic analysis --- Functional analysis