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Book
Environmental Fate of Emerging Organic Micro-Contaminants
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3039213687 3039213679 9783039213689 Year: 2019 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI,

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Abstract

The toxicity and fate of pharmaceuticals and other emerging micro-organic contaminants in the natural and built environments have been the focus of much research over the last twenty years. Recently, pParticular focus has recently been centred on the fate of antimicrobial chemicals, including antibiotics and antifungals. The occurrence of such chemicals in the environment is thought to contribute to the selection of resistance in exposed microorganisms. This sSpecial iIssue (SI) brings together a broad range of recent advances in the field of emerging micro-organic contaminants, ranging from medicinal contaminants to industrial chemicals in the environment. Notably,e these range from chemical extraction and large-scale analysis to adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms and potential risk to humans via contaminated foodstuffs. Additionally, this sSpecial iIssue also presents novel contaminant treatment/ degradation methods of both physical and biological nature.


Book
Pharmaceutical Residues in the Environment
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals, due to their pseudo-persistence and biological activity as well as their extensive use in human and veterinary medicine, are a class of environmental contaminants that is of emerging concern. In contrast to some conventional pollutants, they are continuously delivered at low levels, which might give rise to toxicity even without high persistence rates. These chemicals are designed to have a specific physiological mode of action and to resist frequently inactivation before exerting their intended therapeutic effect. These features, among others, result in the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals which are responsible for toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It is extremely important to know how to remove them from the environment and/or how to implement procedures or treatments resulting in their biological inactivation. Although great advances have been made in their detection in aquatic matrices, there remains limited analytical methodologies available for the trace analysis of target and non-target pharmaceuticals in matrices such as soils, sediments, or biota. There are still many gaps in the data on their fate and behavior in the environment as well as on their threats to ecological and human health. This book has included nine current research and three review articles in this field.

Keywords

ifosfamide --- cyclophosphamide --- 5-fluorouracil --- cytostatic drug --- BDD anode --- electrochemical oxidation --- intermediates --- lincomycin --- monensin --- roxarsone --- migration --- residual --- toxicity --- pharmaceuticals --- endocrine disrupting compounds --- hydroponic cultivation --- determining target pollutants in plant materials --- municipal wastewater treatment plants --- ionic liquids --- green chemistry --- environmental and biological samples --- sample preparation --- determination of pharmaceuticals --- chromatographic methods --- electromigration techniques --- sulfamethoxazole --- antibiotic resistance genes --- sul genes --- bacterial community --- constructed wetlands --- environmental contaminants --- pharmaceuticals occurrence --- aquatic compartments --- soil --- poultry farms --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- antibiotics, antibiotic resistance --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- sewage sludge --- risk assessment --- removal efficiency --- LC-MS/MS analysis --- Spirotox --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- paroxetine --- mianserin --- pharmaceuticals in the environment --- wastewaters --- pharmaceutical residues --- conventional wastewater treatments --- solid phase extraction --- pharmaceuticals toxicity --- environmental risk assessment --- antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) --- wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) --- activated sludge (AS) --- constructed wetlands (CWs) --- environmental pollution --- spread of resistance --- tetracyclines --- sulfonamides --- fate in the environment --- fate in WWTPs --- ecotoxicity --- antibiotic resistance --- development of methods


Book
Monitoring and Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Use and Antibiotic Resistance in Animals
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global One Health topic that affects us all, whether we are working in human or veterinary medicine. Although antibiotic use in farm animals is decreasing in many countries, other nations are still using these essential medical resources as growth promoters to boost economic gains. As veterinarians responsible for animal welfare, it is vital that we are permitted to treat sick animals effectively, but we must learn to be more prudent in our use of these drugs. It is essential that we, as responsible clinicians, policy makers, and researchers, develop methods of quantifying, monitoring, benchmarking, and reporting antibiotic use in both farm and companion animals, so that antimicrobial stewardship schemes can be implemented and their successes or failures analyzed. This Special Issue includes research on antibiotic use and resistance in a variety of animal species, covering cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and pets. The relationship between antimicrobial use and resistance in animals is investigated on a global scale, with authors from Austria, Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy, India, the Netherlands, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom.

Keywords

Escherichia coli --- antimicrobial resistance --- swine --- weaned piglet --- antibiotic growth promoters --- antibiotic --- antibiotic resistance --- livestock --- antibiotic use --- AMR --- MDR --- environment --- antimicrobial usage --- bovine --- India --- KAP survey --- veterinarians --- antimicrobial use --- antimicrobial resistance (AMR) --- Timor-Leste --- antimicrobial --- veterinary --- prudent use --- critically important antimicrobials --- growth promotion --- poultry --- sheep --- beef cattle --- normalised resistance interpretation --- antimicrobial susceptibility testing --- tetracyclines --- farms --- turkeys --- farm --- antimicrobial resistance genes --- biosecurity --- risk factor --- metagenomics --- qPCR --- isolates --- neonatal calf diarrhea --- survey --- antibiotics --- HPCIA --- urinary tract infection --- Flexicult Vet --- pathogen identification --- dogs --- cats --- veterinary microbiology --- bovine respiratory disease --- multidrug-resistance --- Pasteurella multocida --- Mannheimia haemolytica --- Truperella pyogenes --- dairy farm --- E. coli --- calves --- enteritis --- serotypes --- virulence --- multidrug-resistant --- extensively drug-resistant --- dairy --- ESBL --- MRSA --- dog --- canine parvovirus --- Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 --- multidrug resistance --- One Health --- Enterobacteriaceae --- public awareness --- farmworkers --- chicken --- growth promoters --- Staphylococcus hyicus --- PFGE --- exudative epidermitis --- pigs --- monitoring --- carbapenems --- CPE --- meat-producing animal --- companion animal --- travelers --- feed --- risk assessment --- introduction risk --- stochastic risk model --- coagulase-negative Staphylococcus --- CoNS --- quails --- broilers

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