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Research following the terrorist attacks July 22nd 2011 has been especially challenging, due to the extreme nature of the events and the trauma for those involved; both directly as victims and indirectly as family, relatives and friends.

Research --- Victims of terrorism --- Terrorism victims' families. --- Terrorism --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Research. --- Norway. --- Research ethics --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Families --- Terrorism victims --- Victims of crimes --- informed signed consent --- ethics --- sensitive research data --- research ethics

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The history of terrorism has been largely a history of perpetrators, their motives and actions. The history of their victims has always seemed to be of secondary importance. But terrorism is communication by violence, and its efficiency depends significantly on the selection and the treatment of the victims by the perpetrators, on the one hand, and the perception and acknowledgement of victimhood by the public, on the other. How does it affect our picture of the history of terrorism then, if the victims are moved centre stage? If the focus is put on their suffering, their agency, their helplessness, or on how they are acknowledged or exploited by society, politics and media? If the central role is taken into account which they play in terrorist propaganda as well as in the emotional response of the public? The contributions to this edition of the European History Yearbook will examine such questions in a broad range of historical case studies and methods, including visual history. Not least, they aim at historicizing the roles of survivors and relatives in the social process of coming to terms with terrorist violence, a question highly relevant up to the present day.

Terrorism. --- Victims of crimes. --- Victims of terrorism. --- HISTORY / Europe / General. --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Terrorism victims --- Victims of crimes --- Crime victims --- Victimology --- Victims --- Victims of terrorism --- Terrorism

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Like many people in America and around the world, Talal Asad experienced the events of September 11, 2001, largely through the media and the emotional response of others. For many non-Muslims, ""the suicide bomber"" quickly became the icon of ""an Islamic culture of death""& mdash;a conceptual leap that struck Asad as problematic. Is there a ""religiously-motivated terrorism?"" If so, how does it differ from other cruelties? What makes its motivation ""religious""? Where does it stand in relation to other forms of collective violence?Drawing on his extensive scholarship in the s

Polemology --- Terrorism --- Suicide bombers --- Victims of terrorism --- Psychological aspects --- Religious aspects --- Islam --- Psychology --- Terrorism. --- 856.1 Conflictpreventie --- 845 Religie --- Terrorism victims --- Victims of crimes --- Bombers (Terrorists) --- Islam and terrorism --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Psychological aspects. --- Islam. --- Psychology. --- Suicide bombers - Psychology. --- Suicide bombers -- Psychology. --- Terrorism - Psychological aspects. --- Terrorism -- Psychological aspects. --- Terrorism - Religious aspects - Islam. --- Terrorism -- Religious aspects -- Islam. --- Victims of terrorism - Psychology. --- Victims of terrorism -- Psychology. --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Terrorism - Psychological aspects --- Terrorism - Religious aspects - Islam --- Suicide bombers - Psychology --- Victims of terrorism - Psychology

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This study exposes the support that administrations in Washington have given right-wing dictatorships that committed terrorism especially during the cold war and war on terrorism. It rejects the narrow definition of terrorism insisted on by Washington that exempts terrorism committed by governments (state terrorism) from the definition, and for political reasons restricts the term solely to the private terrorism committed by private individuals or non-governmental organizations. Every one of the six truth commission reports used in the studyone each for El Salvador, Chile, Argentina, and South Africa and two with remarkably similar conclusions for Guatemala-- found that the governments were responsible for the great preponderance of terrorism and other acts of repression that occurred in their respective countries, much more so than the guerrillas. [publisher web site].

Basic rights --- Bestrijding van de guerilla --- Bestrijding van verzetsbewegingen --- Civil rights (International law) --- Contre-guérilla --- Contre-insurrection --- Contre-rebellion --- Contreguérilla --- Contrerébellion --- Counterguerrilla warfare --- Counterinsurgency --- Dictatorship [Terrorist ] --- Dictature terroriste --- Dictatuur [Terroristische ] --- Droits de l'homme --- Droits de la personne --- Droits fondamentaux --- Droits individuels --- GWOT, 2001-2009 (War on Terrorism) --- Geweld [Staats] --- Global War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- Grondrechten --- Guerre contre le terrorisme, 2001-2009 --- Human rights --- Interventie (Internationaal recht) --- Interventie [Militaire ] --- Intervention (Droit international) --- Intervention (International law) --- Intervention [Military ] --- Intervention militaire --- Libertés publiques --- Lutte anti-guerrilla --- Lutte anti-guérilla --- Lutte contre la rébellion --- Maintien de l'ordre [Opérations de ] --- Mensenrechten --- Mesures anti-insurrectionnelles --- Militaire interventie --- Military intervention --- Neerslaan van oproer --- Onderdrukking van een opstand --- Onderdrukking van oproer --- Oorlog tegen het terrorisme, 2001-2009 --- Oproerbestrijding --- Opérations de maintien de l'ordre --- Ordeverstoring [bestrijding] --- Rechten van de mens --- Repression d'une rebellion --- Rights [Human ] --- Rights of man --- Répression des révoltes --- Révoltes [Répression des ] --- Slachtoffers van staatsgeweld --- Slachtoffers van staatsterrorisme --- Staatsgeweld --- Staatsgeweld [Slachtoffers van ] --- Staatsterrorisme --- Staatsterrorisme [Slachtoffers van ] --- State violence --- State violence victims --- State-sponsored terrorism --- State-sponsored terrorism victims --- Terrorisme d'Etat --- Terrorisme d'état [Victimes du ] --- Terrorist dictatorship --- Terroristische dictatuur --- Victimes de violence d'état --- Victimes du terrorisme d'état --- Victims of state terrorism --- Victims of state violence --- Victims of state-sponsored terrorism --- Violence [State ] --- Violence d'Etat --- Violence d'état [Victimes de ] --- War against Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- War on Terror, 2001-2009 --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- State-sponsored terrorism. --- Victims of state-sponsored terrorism. --- Human rights. --- Counterinsurgency. --- Victimes du terrorisme d'Etat --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Contre-rébellion --- United States --- Etats-Unis --- Military relations. --- Foreign relations --- Relations militaires --- Relations extérieures --- Direitos humanos --- Droits de l'Homme --- Menschenrechte --- Contre-rébellion --- Relations extérieures --- 858.1 Politiek geweld --- 854 Terrorisme --- Diplomacy --- International law --- Neutrality --- War on Terrorism (2001-2009) --- Guerrilla warfare --- Insurgency --- Rights, Human --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Global Struggle Against Violent Extremism, 2001-2009 --- Terror War, 2001-2009 --- Terrorism War, 2001-2009 --- Military history, Modern --- Terrorism --- World politics --- Afghan War, 2001 --- -Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -State-sponsored terrorism victims --- Victims of terrorism --- Government violence --- Governmental violence --- State-sponsored violence --- State terrorism --- Violence, Governmental --- Violence, State-sponsored --- Political atrocities --- Law and legislation --- Prevention --- 20th century --- 2001-2009 --- Military relations --- Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Iraq War, 2003-2011