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Cette version abrégée est la traduction partielle de la version anglaise de la publication Renforcer la résilience économique après la crise du COVID-19 de l'OCDE. Elle contient le résumé de la publication ainsi que le chapitre 1 du rapport, qui propose une synthèse des enseignements sur la résilience économique des travailleurs, des entreprises et des industries.

Transition flow.

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Post-Transition Metals compiles information on synthesis, properties, characterization, and potential applications of post-transition metals such as indium and gallium. These metals are important for their optical, structural, morphological, and electronic properties. This book provides an overview of the history as well as the physical, structural, optical, and chemical properties of post-transition elements. It also discusses methods for the detection and separation of these metals, including special methods for determining their presence in industrial and organometallic products. The information contained herein is useful for physicists, researchers, chemists, materials engineers, and students.

Transition metals.

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The broad field of hydrogen and power-to-gas promises us renewable energy storage and use in molecular forms-either gaseous or liquid-to decarbonise all energy sectors that currently depend on fossil fuels. We have recently witnessed a number of technical developments, trends and advancements that have enabled us to stand where we stand today. We find ourselves at a crossroads between theoretical groundwork and the actual, large-scale technical implementation of the energy transition.This reprint brings together current research findings from highly diverse disciplines, all of which can make a valuable contribution to the success of the energy transition. The research results yield insights into possible partial solutions that can be implemented in national, regional or even local energy systems at different implementation levels and detail, depending on boundary conditions and specific demands.The first contribution in this reprint is an editorial summarising the ten following research articles. It contains a table of the articles including research fields, titles, and methods. The reader can use it as a quick overview before turning to the detailed articles. The overarching themes covered here are: combustion research, electro catalysis, energy economy, energy storage, mobility, energy system analyses and finally, energy law and regulation.Enjoy reading "Progress in Power-to-Gas Energy Systems" to receive your personal update on this exciting research field.

Energy transition.

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Chemical industries are based on catalytic processes as both bulk and fine chemicals are often produced with heterogeneous catalysts. Transition metal ions dispersed on high-surface area inorganic solids are very important catalysts and a full characterization of these materials requires a profound knowledge of the oxidation state, coordination environment and dispersion of the metal ions on the catalyst surface. Such information can only be obtained by using a combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques. 'Spectroscopy of Transition metal ions on Surfaces' serves as an introduction to some of the most important spectroscopic techniques nowadays used for studying the chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal ions on surfaces. The basic principles and the strengths and weaknesses of continuous wave electron spin resonance, pulsed electron spin resonance, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are critically reviewed by internationally recognized experts. This gives the reader a solid background for judging literature results and for planning and conducting his/her own experiments. Each chapter closes with several relevant examples mainly from the recent literature. In addition, the use of in situ techniques and chemometrical techniques has been included because of its growing importance in catalyst characterization. As a consequence, the book has been written as a text not only for graduate students, but also for anyone else who is new in the field and wants a recent update. The following scientists have contributed to this textbook: Br.

Transition metal catalysts.

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En el informe se analiza cómo las finanzas públicas han fluctuado con los múltiples shocks desde la pandemia, unas fluctuaciones que se han caracterizado por una dinámica atípica del crecimiento y de la inflación, así como por el apoyo fiscal para mitigar los shocks. La reciente turbulencia financiera ha agravado las perspectivas ya inciertas y complejas, con condiciones de financiamiento restrictivas y crecientes preocupaciones por las vulnerabilidades de la deuda. En este entorno volátil, la política fiscal debe dar prioridad a la coherencia con la política monetaria para restablecer la estabilidad financiera y de precios, además de apoyar a los más vulnerables. Los bruscos cambios en las condiciones financieras también exigen disciplina fiscal para abordar las vulnerabilidades fiscales. Con ese fin, los gobiernos tendrán que dar mayor prioridad a recomponer los amortiguadores fiscales mediante el desarrollo de marcos fiscales creíbles basados en riesgos que promuevan políticas macroeconómicas coherentes, reduzcan las vulnerabilidades fiscales con el tiempo y generen el margen necesario para afrontar futuros shocks.

Fiscal policy. --- Energy transition.