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Disorders of the central and peripheral nerve systems have severe effects on gut function. Hence, people who have sustained spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or spina bifida patients may suffer from severe bowel symptoms, including constipation, incontinence to stools, difficult bowel evacuation, or pain. For the present book, a number of international experts have described how disorders of the nerve system affect bowel function, how to assess and treat bowel symptoms, and how the bacterial composition of the bowel may be affected.

laxatives --- constipation --- adults --- prevalence --- utilisation --- gut microbiota --- spina bifida --- transanal irrigation --- urinary tract infection --- SCI --- MENTOR --- NBD --- fecal incontinence --- Parkinson’s disease --- autonomic --- gastrointestinal --- alpha-synuclein --- parasympathetic --- neurogenic bowel dysfunction --- low anterior resection syndrome --- faecal incontinence --- chronic constipation --- bowel dysfunction --- quality of life --- spinal cord injury --- multiple sclerosis --- pharmacological --- systematic review --- neurogenic bowel --- treatment assessment --- bowel function --- exoskeletal walking --- difficulty with evacuation --- neostigmine --- glycopyrrolate --- iontophoresis --- autonomic dysfunction --- motility --- investigations --- manometry --- breath test --- imaging --- diabetes mellitus --- postprandial hypotension --- food ingestion --- ambulatory blood pressure measurement --- cohort study --- pediatric --- children --- adolescent --- anorectal malformation --- cerebral palsy --- acute rehabilitation --- opioids --- SCI bowel management

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Although methods to assess or self-monitor intake may be considered similar, the intended function of each is quite distinct. For the assessment of dietary intake, methods aim to measure food and nutrient intake and/or to derive dietary patterns for determining diet-disease relationships, population surveillance or the effectiveness of interventions. In comparison, dietary self-monitoring primarily aims to create awareness of and reinforce individual eating behaviours, in addition to tracking foods consumed. Advancements in the capabilities of technologies, such as smartphones and wearable devices, have enhanced the collection, analysis and interpretation of dietary intake data in both contexts. This Special Issue invites submissions on the use of novel technology-based approaches for the assessment of food and/or nutrient intake and for self-monitoring eating behaviours. Submissions may document any part of the development and evaluation of the technology-based approaches. Examples may include: web adaption of existing dietary assessment or self-monitoring tools (e.g., food frequency questionnaires, screeners) image-based or image-assisted methods mobile/smartphone applications for capturing intake for assessment or self-monitoring wearable cameras to record dietary intake or eating behaviours body sensors to measure eating behaviours and/or dietary intake use of technology-based methods to complement aspects of traditional dietary assessment or self-monitoring, such as portion size estimation.

children --- dietary assessment --- nutrients --- carbohydrate counting --- protein and fat counting --- calorie counting --- automatic bolus calculator --- voice description of meals --- insulin dosage --- glycemic control --- diabetes mellitus --- nutrition --- food measurement --- nutrient database --- energy intake --- validity --- reliability --- food frequency questionnaire --- web --- under-reporting --- over-reporting --- mobile applications --- adults --- nutritional science --- qualitative research --- mobile food record --- 24-h recall --- developmental disabilities --- spina bifida --- down syndrome --- technology --- pediatrics --- image-assisted method --- infant --- food record --- doubly labeled water --- nutritional application --- smartphone --- DGA --- dietary behaviors --- household food purchase behavior --- obesity --- overweight weight control --- mobile technologies --- Web-based technologies --- usability --- human factors --- Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) --- 24-h dietary recall --- low socioeconomic status --- diet --- assessment --- food log --- recall --- diet apps --- recipe calculations --- nutrient retention --- dietary intake assessment --- technological innovations --- Type 2 diabetes mellitus --- diabetes management --- dietary application --- physical activity --- blood glucose --- mHealth --- sugar intakes --- dietary record --- East Asians --- chewing detection --- AIM --- neural networks --- food intake detection --- video annotation --- sensor validation --- diet assessment --- relative validity --- young adults --- apps --- mobile app --- fruits --- vegetables --- self-monitoring --- healthy diet --- shared plate eating --- lower middle income countries --- food energy estimation --- generative models --- generative adversarial networks --- image-to-energy mapping --- regressions --- eating activity detection --- hand-to-mouth movement --- wrist-mounted motion tracking sensor --- accelerometer --- gyroscope --- text messages --- type 2 diabetes --- diabetes self-care activities --- cardiovascular disease risk awareness --- food availability --- food choices --- n/a