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Saliva is a complex fluid that maintains oral health and has many physiological functions. It is a noninvasive diagnostic fluid as well. Lately, salivary diagnostics has proven its potential to reach clinical practice in the near future for the early detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of various diseases. Salivary Glands - New Approaches in Diagnostics and Treatment is a comprehensive reference, which brings together information on salivary secretion and its disorders, the novel salivary diagnostic methods for numerous diseases, and new techniques in the treatment of salivary diseases. This book contains information for a diverse audience, including dentists, oral biologists, experimental biologists, molecular biologists, oncologists, radiologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists.

Salivary glands --- Diagnosis, Noninvasive. --- Diseases --- Diagnosis. --- Diagnostic tests, Noninvasive --- Noninvasive diagnosis --- Noninvasive diagnostic tests --- Function tests (Medicine) --- Medicine --- Endocrinology --- Health Sciences

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A large number of diseases affect salivary gland (SG) secretion through different mechanisms, leading to SG dysfunction and associated oral problems. The glands may suffer from viral, bacterial, and, albeit rarely, fungal infections, which may cause painful swelling or obstruction; they could also become the target of an autoimmune attack or may be affected by various benign and malignant tumors which consist of a heterogeneous group of lesions with complex clinical–pathological characteristics. The loss of normal SG function results in widespread deterioration of oral health. This book, entitled “Diseases of Salivary Glands”, provides an overview of recent advances in the field of SG disorders, focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SG diseases and on the most innovative investigation techniques that could help to preserve patients’ health, function, and quality of life.

salivary glands --- minor salivary glands --- salivary gland carcinoma --- mucoepidermoid carcinoma --- in situ carcinoma --- intra-cystic carcinoma --- chronic kidney disease --- salivary gland dysfunction --- salivary biomarkers --- oxidative stress --- nitrosative stress --- viral infection --- Epstein-Barr virus --- HTLV-1 --- salivary gland epithelial cell --- Hashimoto’s disease --- saliva --- Sjögren’s syndrome --- autoimmune disease --- physiopathology --- treatment --- diagnosis --- review --- primary Sjögren’s syndrome --- imaging --- salivary gland --- sialography --- salivary gland ultrasonography --- magnetic resonance imaging --- sialendoscopy --- salivary gland scintigraphy --- positron emission tomography --- NF-κB --- inflammation --- autoimmunity --- innate cells --- adaptive cells --- MR sialography --- dynamic --- sublingual gland ducts --- xerostomia --- SGEC --- immortalization --- acinar --- ductal --- spheroid --- n/a --- autoimmune diseases --- Sjögren syndrome --- B-cell lymphoma --- extranodal marginal zone lymphoma --- MALT lymphoma --- primary breast lymphoma --- radiation --- hyposalivation --- purinergic signaling --- bystander effect --- P2 receptors --- radioprotection --- head and neck cancer --- oral candidiasis --- Hashimoto's disease --- Sjögren's syndrome --- primary Sjögren's syndrome --- Sjögren syndrome

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Almost 25 years ago, the first mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel was cloned and published. TRP channels now represent an extended family of 28 members fulfilling multiple roles in the living organism. Identified functions include control of body temperature, transmitter release, mineral homeostasis, chemical sensing, and survival mechanisms in a challenging environment. The TRP channel superfamily covers six families: TRPC with C for “canonical”, TRPA with A for “ankyrin”, TRPM with M for “melastatin”, TRPML with ML for “mucolipidin”, TRPP with P for “polycystin”, and TRPV with V for “vanilloid”. Over the last few years, new findings on TRP channels have confirmed their exceptional function as cellular sensors and effectors. This Special Book features a collection of 8 reviews and 7 original articles published in “Cells” summarizing the current state-of-the-art on TRP channel research, with a main focus on TRP channel activation, their physiological and pathophysiological function, and their roles as pharmacological targets for future therapeutic options.

n/a --- transient receptor potential channels --- photochromic ligands --- elementary immunology --- Purkinje cell --- EPSC --- substance P --- chemicals --- organ toxicity --- lymphocytes --- HSP70 --- physiology --- bioavailable --- inflammatory bowel disease --- platelets --- pollutants --- yeast --- regulatory T cells --- kinase --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- manganese --- cerebellum --- TRP channel --- NHERF --- inflammation --- nanoHPLC-ESI MS/MS --- TRPM7 --- chemical probes --- TRPM8 --- dorsal column nuclei --- TRPV2 --- TRPV3 --- calcitonin gene-related peptide --- TRPV1 --- ion channels --- transient receptor potential --- 2D gel electrophoresis --- MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) --- TRPV4 --- overproduction --- sulfur mustard --- oxidative stress --- graft versus host disease --- menthol --- topical --- chemosensor --- AP18 --- calcium signalling --- mucosal epithelium --- cuneate nucleus --- production platform --- TRPC channels --- ulcerative colitis --- channel structure --- xerostomia --- neutrophils --- cardiovascular system --- TRPC5 --- TRPC6 --- TRPC3 --- TRPC4 --- calcium signaling --- protein purification --- adipose tissue --- transient receptor potential (TRP) channels --- sodium --- TH17 --- diacylglycerol --- hypersensitivity --- TRPY1 --- GABAB --- HEK293 --- thrombosis --- ion channel --- TRPC --- pathophysiology --- SMAD --- toxicology --- endothelium --- calcium --- proteomics --- TRPA1 --- salivary glands --- TRP channels --- lipid mediators --- sensors --- radiation --- TRPM4 channel --- human medulla oblongata --- mGluR1 --- small molecules --- TRPC3 pharmacology

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This book collects 25 scientific articles from laboratories around the world, all of which use botulinum neurotoxins as the main protagonists of their studies. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in medicine, following its ability to inhibit the effects of various disorders of different etiology on the human organism, constitutes the main topic of each article presented here. This book, which is aimed at both students and medical professionals, attempts to summarize current knowledge about the use of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent in many diseases, ranging from spasticity to tremor, form motor dysfunction after stroke to neuropathic pain, from hyperactive muscle to migraine, and so on. Thanks to its simplified writing, accessible to an audience who may not be familiar with the mysteries of science, readers will get new insights into this biological toxin and its multiple applications, not simply relegated to its historical use to correct of face wrinkles. Both review and research articles are presented, not only concerning animal studies, but also clinical reports. This book will provide an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art of the possible development of novel applications of botulinum neurotoxins for future therapeutic purposes.

botulinum toxin --- limb tremors --- muscle selection --- biological effect --- various cell types --- neurotransmitter --- dermatology --- novel indication --- botulinum neurotoxin --- masticatory system --- maxillofacial bone --- dental occlusion --- orthognathic surgery --- sialorrhoea --- drooling --- salivary glands --- swallowing --- eccrine glands --- onabotulinumtoxin A --- incobotulinumtoxin A --- botulinum neurotoxins --- botulinum neurotoxin serotype A --- heavy chain --- botulinum neurotoxin serotype a heavy chain (BoNT/A HC) --- spinal cord injury (SCI) --- nerve regeneration --- growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) --- superior cervical ganglion 10 (SCG10) --- neuronal processes --- neural regeneration --- Schwann cells --- glia --- spinal cord --- immunohistochemistry --- allodynia --- weight bearing --- sciatic static index --- walking track analysis --- itch --- SNARE --- VAMP --- mast cells --- compound 48/80 --- chloroquine --- spasticity --- botulinum toxin type A --- appropriate treatment --- Therapeutic Index --- pruritus --- antipruritic --- clinical --- experimental --- BoNT/A --- astroglia --- interleukins --- microglia --- TLR2 --- TLR4 --- Snap-23 --- pain --- cerebral palsy --- botulinum toxin A --- complex regional pain syndrome --- lumbar sympathetic ganglion block --- chronic pelvic pain --- overactive detrusor --- vaginism --- temporomandibular joint dislocation --- lateral pterygoid muscle --- botulinum toxin therapy --- synaptic transmission --- SNAP-25 --- epilepsy --- Parkinson’s disease --- neurotransmission blockade --- electrical activity --- prion disease --- new indications --- formulation --- delivery --- refractory chronic migraine --- tension headache --- medication overuse headache --- prophylactic treatment --- XEOMIN® --- BTX --- central neuropathic pain --- spinal cord injury --- post-stroke shoulder pain --- mouse test --- Clostridium tetani --- botulinum antitoxin --- food safety --- abobotulinumtoxinA --- upper limb spasticity --- post-stroke --- early use --- ONTIME --- clinical trial --- human --- urodynamics --- botulinum neurotoxin-A --- basal ganglia --- interspecies differences in motor behavior --- mouse --- rat --- interneurons --- hand tremor --- treatment --- electromyography --- kinematics --- essential tremor --- dystonic tremor --- tremor --- movement disorders --- Botulinum toxin --- upper limb biomechanics --- joint biomechanics --- diagnostic guidance --- clinical decision support --- spastic paresis --- electrical stimulation --- stroke management --- rehabilitation --- hand --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease