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Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.

social capital --- Cambodia --- forest and water policy --- land use and land cover change --- shrubland --- “Forests to Faucets” --- precipitation gradient --- forest ecosystem management --- afforestation --- connectivity --- land use change --- forest operations --- Chile --- catchment management --- forest plantation --- climate change --- compound wildfire-water risk --- native forest --- hydrology --- wetland --- streamside native buffer --- sustainability --- participatory monitoring --- hydrological modeling --- timber harvesting --- water quality --- native forests --- source water protection --- global change --- forest hydrology --- community drinking-water --- SDGs --- drinking-water security --- Oregon --- forest --- aquatic-riparian ecosystems --- NDC --- heat: moisture index --- watershed management --- load --- Rhyacotriton --- ecohydrology --- nutrient concentrations --- multi-criteria analysis --- Loess Plateau --- dissolved organic matter --- US Pacific Northwest --- soil moisture --- agricultural lands --- water management --- water provision --- water supply --- forests --- post-fire hydrology --- grassland --- forest plantations --- restoration strategy --- riparian buffer zones --- Mekong --- riparian vegetation --- density management harvest --- SWAT model --- forest watersheds --- water governance --- Nenjiang River --- forestry --- ecosystem services

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The predicted climate change is likely to cause extreme storm events and, subsequently, catastrophic disasters, including soil erosion, debris and landslide formation, loss of life, etc. In the decade from 1976, natural disasters affected less than a billion lives. These numbers have surged in the last decade alone. It is said that natural disasters have affected over 3 billion lives, killed on average 750,000 people, and cost more than 600 billion US dollars. Of these numbers, a greater proportion are due to sediment-related disasters, and these numbers are an indication of the amount of work still to be done in the field of soil erosion, conservation, and landslides. Scientists, engineers, and planners are all under immense pressure to develop and improve existing scientific tools to model erosion and landslides and, in the process, better conserve the soil. Therefore, the purpose of this Special Issue is to improve our knowledge on the processes and mechanics of soil erosion and landslides. In turn, these will be crucial in developing the right tools and models for soil and water conservation, disaster mitigation, and early warning systems.

landslide --- image classification --- spectrum similarity analysis --- extreme rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility model --- landslide ratio-based logistic regression --- landslide evolution --- Typhoon Morakot --- Taiwan --- vegetation community --- vegetation importance value --- root system --- soil erosion --- grey correlation analysis --- sediment yield --- RUSLE --- Lancang–Mekong River basin --- rainfall threshold --- landslide probability model --- debris flow --- Zechawa Gully --- mitigation countermeasures --- Jiuzhaigou Valley --- water erosion --- susceptibility --- Gaussian process --- climate change --- radial basis function kernel --- weighted subspace random forest --- extreme events --- extreme weather --- naive Bayes --- feature selection --- machine learning --- hydrologic model --- simulated annealing --- earth system science --- PSED Model --- loess --- ICU --- static liquefaction --- mechanical behavior --- pore structure --- alpine swamp meadow --- alpine meadow --- degradation of riparian vegetation --- root distribution --- tensile strength --- tensile crack --- soil management --- land cover changes --- Syria --- hillslopes --- gully erosion --- vegetation restoration --- soil erodibility --- land use --- bridge pier --- overfall --- scour --- landform change impact on pier --- shallow water equations --- wet-dry front --- outburst flood --- TVD-scheme --- MUSCL-Hancock method --- laboratory model test --- extreme rainfall --- rill erosion --- shallow landslides --- deep lip surface --- safety factor --- rainfall erosivity factor --- USLE R --- Deep Neural Network --- tree ring --- dendrogeomorphology --- landslide activity --- deciduous broadleaved tree --- Shirakami Mountains --- spatiotemporal cluster analysis --- landslide hotspots --- dam breach --- seepage --- overtopping --- seismic signal --- flume test --- breach model --- n/a --- Lancang-Mekong River basin