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Pulmonary embolism is a serious, potentially life-threatening cardiopulmonary disease that occurs due to partial or total obstruction of the pulmonary arterial bed. Recently, new improvement occurred in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The aim of this disease is to re-review pulmonary embolism in the light of new developments. In this book, in addition to risk factors causing pulmonary embolus, a guide for systematic approaches to lead the risk stratification for decision making is also presented. In order to provide a maximum length of active life and continuation of functional abilities as the aim of new interventional gerontology, the risk factors causing pulmonary embolus in elderly individuals are evaluated, and the approach to prevention and treatment are defined. The risk of the development of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, combined with obesity due to immobility, the disease of this era, irregular and excessive eating, and treatment management are highlighted. Non-thrombotic pulmonary emboli are also covered and an attempt is made to constitute an awareness of this picture that can change the treatment and prognosis of the disease to a considerable extent. In addition to the pathophysiological definition of pulmonary embolus, the priority goal of quick and definitive diagnosis is emphasized, and diagnostic strategies are discussed in the book. A numerical analysis of the vena cava filters, which is a current approach to prevent pulmonary emboli recurrences, is presented in the last chapter.

Pulmonary embolism. --- Embolism --- Pulmonary artery --- Diseases --- Respiratory medicine

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Marine creatures are rich sources of glycoconjugate-containing glycans and have diversified structures. The advance of genomics has provided a valuable clue for their production and developments. This information will encourage breeding and engineering functional polysaccharides with slime ingredients in algae. These glycans will have the potential for applications to antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial drugs in addition to health supplements and cosmetics. The combination of both biochemical and transcriptome approaches of marine creatures will lead to the opportunity to discover new activities of proteins such as glycan-relating enzymes and lectins. These proteins will also be used for experimental and medical purposes, such as diagnostics and trial studies. The topic of marine glycomics is also focusing on understanding the physiological properties of marine creatures, such as body defense against pathogens and cancers. In the competitions for natural selection, living creatures have evolved both their glycans and their recognition. They have primitive systems of immunity, and few of their mechanisms are closely related to glycans. If we are able to describe the accumulation of data of glycans of creatures living in the seashore and the oceans, we may be able to anticipate a time when we can talk about the ecosystem with glycans. That knowledge will be useful for the development of drugs that cure our diseases and for an understanding of living systems in addition to the preservation of living environments.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Acropora tenuis --- coral --- chemoattraction --- lectin --- white-spotted charr lectin --- oncolytic vaccinia virus --- interferon --- antiviral response --- Chlorella vulgaris --- Dunaliella salina --- Arthrospira platensis --- growth rate --- accumulation of carbohydrates --- biohydrogen --- antibacterial activity --- anticancer activity --- antifungal activity --- Aplysia kurodai --- apoptosis --- Ehrlich ascites carcinoma --- sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides --- sulfated fucan --- fucosylated chondroitin sulfate --- fucoidan --- oral administration --- anticoagulant activity --- fucosylated glycosaminoglycan --- anticoagulant --- platelet aggregation --- contact activation --- hypotension --- pulmonary embolism --- sulfated polysaccharides --- marine hydrobionts --- antiparasitic activity --- protozoa --- malaria --- leishmaniasis --- trypanosomiasis --- schistosomiasis --- cryptosporidiosis --- trichomoniasis --- bivalve mollusk --- C1q domain-containing --- lectin-like --- pattern recognition receptor --- polysaccharides --- interstitial compartment --- marine worms --- sipunculids --- bioactive properties --- peptides --- rotifera --- pattern recognition receptors --- microbe-associated molecular patterns --- innate immunity --- C-type lectins --- C1q domain-containing proteins --- galectins --- bacterial exopolysaccharides --- bioflocculanting activity --- microalgae growth-promoting bacterium --- harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate --- Alexandrium catenella --- Mameliella alba --- n/a