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Development provides an especially sensitive window whereby environmental contaminants can have significant and lasting effects on the morphology and function of many organs and systems. The importance of understanding developmental effects of environmental contaminants extends not only to developmental stages, but also to encompass the hypotheses of the developmental or fetal origins of adult disease. Such effects of environmental contaminants during development extend to health outcomes that can persist in adulthood, first become apparent in adulthood, or manifest in adulthood but only after a second hit/stressor. The diverse nature of possible environmental contaminants, ranging from persistent organic pollutants to emerging contaminants of concern, along with the diverse range of health implications, including autism, diabetes, cancer, infertility, and lower urinary tract function, make understanding developmental effects of environmental contaminants an ever growing and important field of study.This Special Issue aims to explore a variety of topics in line with the aims and scope of Toxics. Specifically, topics related to the developmental effects of environmental contaminants and/or their metabolites on the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system or organism, including mechanisms of toxicity, metabolism, risk assessment and management, as well as multiple stressor impacts in the context of aging or disease progression following developmental exposures.

Medicine --- Medical toxicology --- arsenic --- synaptic transmission --- long-term potentiation --- hippocampus --- development --- lower urinary tract --- bladder --- inflammation --- POPs --- developmental basis of adult disease --- multigenerational --- toxicants --- bronchopulmonary dysplasia --- therapeutics --- lung development --- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor --- perinatal mortality --- neonatal morbidity --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) --- Aroclor 1221 (A1221) --- PCBs --- vinclozolin --- social behavior --- sex differences --- transgenerational --- epigenetic --- endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) --- polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) --- mating behavior --- paced mating --- ultrasonic vocalization (USV) --- estradiol --- triclosan --- triclocarbon --- detergents --- 4-nonylphenol --- Danio rerio --- zebrafish --- environmental toxicity --- aquatic environment --- ground water chemicals --- lower urinary tract dysfunction --- lower urinary tract symptoms --- BPH --- prostate --- axonal growth --- developmental neurotoxicity --- neuronal morphogenesis --- PBDE --- reactive oxygen species --- thyroid hormone --- pesticides --- prebiotic --- intestinal dysbiosis --- perigestational --- dysmetabolism --- risk factor --- behavior --- chemical screening --- literature comparison --- developmental toxicity --- negative control --- positive control --- rapid testing --- PFAS --- PFAS mixtures --- epigenetics --- microglia --- valproic acid --- primary motor cortex

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The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made these cells the focus of multiple pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. While the results from these clinical studies have established that MSCs are safe, the efficacy of these cells is not as well-established. In this regard, there have been increased efforts towards generating potentiated/activated MSCs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Research on the mechanisms for enhancing MSC potency and efficacy is an area of active study with great potential for translation into clinical settings. The purpose of this book is to bring together recent research from a broad range of topics relating to potentiation strategies for enhancing MSC therapeutic efficacy, including growth factor pre-conditioning, hypoxia, and 3D culture. The research compiled in this book increases the basic understanding of MSC culture techniques and describes some MSC preparations for potential novel therapeutic applications.

cell therapy --- immunomodulation --- polyunsaturated fatty acid --- CD206 --- phagocytosis --- mesenchymal stem cells --- Vadadustat --- AKB-6548 --- preconditioning --- priming --- secretome --- chemotaxis --- Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells --- umbilical cord --- oxygen conditions --- secretory profile --- neuroprotection --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- 3D culture --- neurospheres --- spheroids --- pluripotency --- neural --- quiescence --- mesothelioma --- malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) --- liver cirrhosis --- placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- WKYMVm --- combination therapy --- iPSC-derived MSCs --- iMSC secretome --- pre-conditioning --- angiogenesis --- IFN-γ --- hypoxia --- potentiation of iMSC efficacy --- nanofiber-hydrogel composite --- spinal cord injury --- inflammation --- macrophages --- secondary injury --- astrocytes --- axon growth --- adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) --- autophagy --- rapamycin --- 3-methyladenine --- immunosuppression --- exosome --- engineered cardiac patches --- adipose-derived stem cell --- paracrine potential --- osteogenic differentiation --- hepatocyte growth factor --- fibroblast growth factor 2

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This theme issue is to celebrate Professor Robert Verpoorte’s 75th birthday. Prof. Verpoorte has been working in Leiden University over 40 years. There is no need to dwell upon the contributions of Dr. Verpoorte to plant-derived natural products research during his whole life. Dr. Verpoorte was a highly productive scientist throughout his academic career, with over 800 scientific publications in the form of research papers, books, and book chapters. His research interests are very diverse, cover- ing numerous topics related to plant-based natural products such as plant cell biotech- nology, biosynthesis, metabolomics, genetic engineering, and green technology, as well as the isolation of new biologically active compounds. He has left indelible footprints in all these fields, and he is widely recognised as a pioneer in the work of the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids, NMR-based metabolomics, and green technology in natural products production. As close friends and colleagues who have been in nearly daily contact with him over the last 20 years viewing all of these remarkable scientific contributions, we felt compelled to recognize this by the publication of a Special Issue of this journal dedicated to him.Thus, this Special Issue has now finally been released with the help of many of his colleagues and former students as a token of our gratitude to his impressive work.The Special Issue covers five main natural products topics: (1) chemical profiling and metabolomics, (2) separation/isolation and identification of plant specialized metabolites, (3) pharmacognosy of natural products to identify bioactive molecules from natural prod- ucts, (4) novel formulation of natural products, and (5) overview of natural products as a source of bioactive molecules.

natural extract --- glycerin --- chemical profiling --- centrifugal partition chromatography --- 13C nuclear magnetic resonance --- cosmetic industry --- Psychotria malayana Jack --- type 2 diabetes --- α-glucosidase inhibitors --- LC-MS --- metabolomics --- molecular docking --- colorectal cancer --- HCT 116 --- telomerase --- telomerase inhibitor --- berberine --- downregulation --- cell cycle arrest --- telomere erosion --- molecular imaging --- direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry --- ephedra alkaloids --- ephedrine --- methylephedrine --- Ephedra sinica --- natural products --- dereplication --- databases --- spectroscopy --- taxonomy --- molecular structures --- lignans --- secoisolariciresinol --- RNA interference --- flax --- osmotic stress --- 1H-NMR --- ionic liquids --- oxypeucedanin hydrate --- byakangelicin --- A. dahurica --- back-extraction --- enrichment --- plum brandy --- GC-FID-MS --- enzyme inhibition assay --- antibacterial assay --- effect-directed analysis --- bioassay --- botanicals --- health food --- protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) --- PTP-MEG2 --- phloridzin --- glucose-uptake --- Eleutherococcus senticosus --- fruits --- eleutherosides --- nutri-pharmacological --- herbs --- inflammation --- docking --- NuBBE database --- chalcones --- Nacobbus aberrans --- nematicidal activity --- α-terthienyl --- stigmasterol --- quercetagetin derivatives --- 9-O-angeloyl-retronecine N-oxide --- alkaloid --- Solanaceae --- tropane --- indole --- pyrrolidine --- Datura --- terpenoid --- signaling --- chemical cue --- kairomone --- potentiation --- cytotoxic activity --- NMR --- Ononis diffusa --- Ononis variegata --- oxylipins --- toronjil --- Mexican agastache --- aromatic plants --- weld --- Reseda luteola L. --- natural yellow dye --- μ-analysis --- micro-extraction of wool --- UHPLC --- fingerprinting --- flavones --- structure elucidation --- n/a