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Strange Science: Investigating the Limits of Knowledge in the Victorian Age is an unprecedented collection that examines marginal, fringe, and unconventional forms of scientific inquiry, as well as their cultural representations in the Victorian period. Although now relegated to the category of the pseudoscientific, fields like mesmerism and psychical research captured the imagination of the Victorian public. Conversely, many branches of science that we now view as uncontroversial, such as physics and botany, were often associated with unorthodox methods of inquiry. Whether incorporated into mainstream scientific thought, or relegated by 21st century historians to the category of the pseudo- or even anti-scientific, these sciences generated conversation, enthusiasm, and controversy within Victorian society.

Science --- Parapsychology --- Social aspects --- History --- Great Britain --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Metaphysics (Parapsychology) --- Paranormal phenomena --- Psi (Parapsychology) --- Psychic phenomena --- Psychical research --- Psychology --- Occultism

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So-called altered states of consciousness (ASC) are an intriguing, still under-researched topic, with profound neuropsychological and epistemological implications. In the last few decades there has been increasing multidisciplinary interest in consciousness and ASC, a term encompassing a wide range of pathological and non-pathological conditions, including dreaming, near-death experiences (NDEs), hypnagogic states, hallucinogenic experiences, epileptic seizures, psychotic symptoms, coma, and minimally conscious states. There has also been considerable research on procedures that may affect ASC including hypnosis and various forms of meditation. Since the term altered implies for some abnormality or dysfunction, the concept of anomalous experiences (not necessarily implying pathology) is increasingly used and more general.The term non-ordinary mental expressions (NOME) encompasses both anomalous (at least for a particular culture at a particular time) experiences and related neuropsychological processes and induction procedures. Our use of non-ordinary: a) does not assume pathology; and b) is suitable for sophisticated and positive mental activities, including, creativity, intuition, and some forms of spirituality. We use the term mind to include both conscious and preconscious processes, and question the notion that, “ordinary,” waking consciousness provides the only epistemologically valid stance with regard to the mind and its interactions with reality. Similarly, although genius and madness both imply something beyond normal, they differ importantly in their ontology and implications.In short, NOME refers to both experiences and procedures that seek to change short- or long-term psychological processes. Regarding the latter, meditation is an intentional activity, calling for training of attention and reflective awareness, and varying in specific procedures and outcomes. With regard to an absence of pathology, NDEs, which have several features in common with mystical experiences, may occur in the absence of any brain disorder and bring about positive changes. Reductionist interpretations of NDEs as pathophysiological do not explain nor encompass the whole range of their phenomenology. Instead, brain areas and neurotransmitters potentially involved in these experiences may provide a common terrain for both pathological and non-pathological mind expressions.

Psychology. --- Social Sciences. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- out-of-body experiences --- psychedelics --- near-death-experiences --- onsciousness --- Meditation --- PSI --- Hypnosis --- Anomalous experience --- MDMA

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Arms control --- Weapons of mass destruction --- 872 Massavernietigingswapens --- 873 Wapenbeheersing --- CBRNEs (Weapons) --- CBRNs (Weapons) --- Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons --- Mass destruction, Weapons of --- NBC agents (Weapons) --- NBC weapons --- Nuclear, biological and chemical weapons --- WMDs (Weapons) --- Military weapons --- Security, International --- Arms race --- Disarmament --- Military readiness --- International cooperation --- Proliferation Security Initiative. --- PSI

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This book focuses on remote sensing for urban deformation monitoring. In particular, it highlights how deformation monitoring in urban areas can be carried out using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Tomography (TomoSAR). Several contributions show the capabilities of Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and PSI techniques for urban deformation monitoring. Some of them show the advantages of TomoSAR in un-mixing multiple scatterers for urban mapping and monitoring. This book is dedicated to the technical and scientific community interested in urban applications. It is useful for choosing the appropriate technique and gaining an assessment of the expected performance. The book will also be useful to researchers, as it provides information on the state-of-the-art and new trends in this field

surface subsidence --- PS --- permanent scatterers --- land subsidence --- PS-InSAR --- thermal dilation --- SBAS-InSAR --- Sepulveda Transit Corridor --- deformation --- differential SAR interferometry --- reclaimed land --- Istanbul --- deformation monitoring --- skyscrapers --- generalized likelihood ratio test --- validation --- uplift --- displacement monitoring --- pursuit monostatic --- radar interferometry --- Sentinel-1A --- urbanization --- synthetic aperture radar --- Turkey --- terraSAR-X --- geological and geomorphological mapping --- London --- differential compaction --- expansive soils --- health monitoring --- Copernicus Sentinel-1 --- displacement mapping --- PALSAR --- land reclamation --- tomography --- Venetian-Friulian Plain --- ALOS PALSAR --- multi-temporal DInSAR --- SAR interferometry --- InSAR --- persistent scatterers --- carbonate karstification --- ENVISAT ASAR --- multiple PS detection --- sparse signals --- urban subsidence --- time series InSAR analysis --- time series analysis --- Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) --- engineering construction --- Rome --- persistent scatterer interferometry --- subsidence --- persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) --- SNAP-StaMPS --- Lingang New City --- dewatering --- atmospheric component --- urban deformation monitoring --- Sentinel-1 --- differential interferometry --- Late-Quaternary deposits --- modelling --- Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test --- Persistent Scatterer Interferometry --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- Capon estimation --- differential tomography --- deformation time series --- groundwater level variation --- radar detection --- multi-look SAR tomography --- spaceborne SAR --- SAR --- ERS-1/-2 --- reclamation settlements --- Wuhan --- subsidence monitoring --- water level changes --- polarimetry --- asymmetric subsidence --- urban monitoring --- urban areas --- landslide --- SAR tomography --- Urayasu City --- risk --- Los Angeles --- PALSAR-2

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This book focuses on applications of the theory of fractional calculus in numerical analysis and various fields of physics and engineering. Inequalities involving fractional calculus operators containing the Mittag–Leffler function in their kernels are of particular interest. Special attention is given to dynamical models, magnetization, hypergeometric series, initial and boundary value problems, and fractional differential equations, among others.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- fractional derivative --- generalized Mittag-Leffler kernel (GMLK) --- Legendre polynomials --- Legendre spectral collocation method --- dynamical systems --- random time change --- inverse subordinator --- asymptotic behavior --- Mittag–Leffler function --- data fitting --- magnetization --- magnetic fluids --- Gamma function --- Psi function --- Pochhammer symbol --- hypergeometric function 2F1 --- generalized hypergeometric functions tFu --- Gauss’s summation theorem for 2F1(1) --- Kummer’s summation theorem for 2F1(−1) --- generalized Kummer’s summation theorem for 2F1(−1) --- Stirling numbers of the first kind --- Hilfer–Hadamard fractional derivative --- Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative --- Caputo fractional derivative --- fractional differential equations --- inclusions --- nonlocal boundary conditions --- existence and uniqueness --- fixed point --- gamma function --- Beta function --- Mittag-Leffler function --- Generalized Mittag-Leffler functions --- generalized hypergeometric function --- Fox–Wright function --- recurrence relations --- Riemann–Liouville fractional calculus operators --- (α, h-m)-p-convex function --- Fejér–Hadamard inequality --- extended generalized fractional integrals --- Mittag–Leffler functions --- initial value problems --- Laplace transform --- exact solution --- Chebyshev inequality --- Pólya-Szegö inequality --- fractional integral operators --- Wright function --- Srivastava’s polynomials --- fractional calculus operators --- Lavoie–Trottier integral formula --- Oberhettinger integral formula --- fractional partial differential equation --- boundary value problem --- separation of variables --- Mittag-Leffler --- Abel-Gontscharoff Green’s function --- Hermite-Hadamard inequalities --- convex function --- κ-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral --- Dirichlet averages --- B-splines --- dirichlet splines --- Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals --- hypergeometric functions of one and several variables --- generalized Mittag-Leffler type function --- Srivastava–Daoust generalized Lauricella hypergeometric function --- fractional calculus --- Hermite–Hadamard inequality --- Fox H function --- subordinator and inverse stable subordinator --- Lamperti law --- order statistic --- n/a --- Gauss's summation theorem for 2F1(1) --- Kummer's summation theorem for 2F1(−1) --- generalized Kummer's summation theorem for 2F1(−1) --- Hilfer-Hadamard fractional derivative --- Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative --- Fox-Wright function --- Riemann-Liouville fractional calculus operators --- Fejér-Hadamard inequality --- Mittag-Leffler functions --- Pólya-Szegö inequality --- Srivastava's polynomials --- Lavoie-Trottier integral formula --- Abel-Gontscharoff Green's function --- Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals --- Srivastava-Daoust generalized Lauricella hypergeometric function --- Hermite-Hadamard inequality