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Sustainable agriculture aims to achieve the goal of food security, also maximizing the socio-economic benefits, and minimizing environmental drawbacks. Farming systems mostly relying on ecological processes and the reduced application of external inputs (fertilizers and pesticides), such as organic farming and integrated farming, can even contribute to the mitigation of global warming and of the desertification of soils. Conservation agriculture (CA) is also widely recognized as a farming system able to preserve soils from erosion and nutrient loss, increase soil organic matter and carbon sink capacity, and improve biological and physical fertility. Nevertheless, CA systems generally rely on the large use of agrochemicals (above all, herbicides and fertilizers) in order to sustain crop production, with negative consequences in terms of energy efficiency and environmental impact. This also does not enable an easy transfer of CA techniques into organic and integrated farming systems, a combination that might enhance the environmental benefits of these farming systems. In this regard, this Special Issue deals with the "Smart Management of Conservative, Organic, and Integrated Agriculture". We invited experts and researchers to contribute with original researches, reviews, and opinion pieces covering all topics related to organic, integrated, and conservative farming systems. The published articles concern with the most important aspects of these innovative systems, such as performances of farm machinery and agro-ecological strategies aiming at sustaining crop production whilst reducing the need for agrochemicals.
waste management --- economic evaluation --- biodegradable mulch --- polyethylene --- grapevine --- no-chemical --- organic agriculture --- sucker removal --- Vitis vinifera (L.) --- thermal --- weed management --- organic farming --- mulch --- weed dynamic --- cereal grain cover crop --- roller-crimper --- no-till --- cover crops --- green manure --- organic fertilizers --- carbon dioxide --- methane --- nitrous oxide --- dead mulch --- biodegradable plastic mulch --- conservation agriculture --- tomato --- cultivation systems --- Gliricidia sepium --- leguminous plants --- Leucaena leucocephala --- mineral fertilization --- cinnamon oil --- clove oil --- cover crop termination --- organic herbicides --- roller/crimper --- mulch-based system --- N leaching --- no-till organic system --- intercropping --- ecological intensification --- sustainable agriculture --- climate change mitigation --- cabbage --- fennel --- lettuce --- living mulch --- Mediterranean climate --- minimum tillage --- no-tillage
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Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.
nutrient use efficiency --- organic fertilization --- system approach --- Helianthus annuus L. --- catch crop --- Texas High Plains --- forage yield and quality --- living mulch --- nutrient cycling --- quality --- leguminous cover crop --- conservation --- light --- sustainable crop production --- crop rotation --- WHCNS --- stemborer --- complexity --- perennial --- manure --- maize production --- SOC and STN stocks --- cover crops --- forage pea --- yield --- SDS-PAGE analysis --- vineyard system --- double cropping --- wheat --- partial returns --- soybean --- vetch --- nitrogen use efficiency --- enzyme activities --- agrobiodiversity --- gross margin --- residue C and N release --- systematic review --- maize --- protein crops --- no-tillage --- environmental quality --- fall grazing --- kura clover --- cover crop --- organization --- scenario analyses --- cropping system design --- irrigation --- sustainable yield index --- multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) --- Acidic soil --- Europe --- Zea mais L. --- shade --- up-scaling --- water --- conservation agriculture --- water use efficiency --- Triticum aestivum L. --- forage sorghum --- N use efficiency --- nutrient balance --- organic cropping system --- forage --- durum wheat --- cropping systems --- nitrate --- grain yield --- nitrogen nutrition --- conventionalization --- crop residue incorporation --- cereal rye --- green manure --- straw decomposition --- hierarchical patch dynamics --- N uptake --- farmer’s perception --- pearl millet --- nitrogen --- faba bean --- agroecology --- harvesting strategies --- rice --- gluten fractions --- weed suppression --- economics --- mineral N fertilization --- push-pull technology --- growth --- potato (Solanum tuberosum)
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