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Reactions at mineral surfaces are central to all geochemical processes. As minerals comprise the rocks of the Earth, the processes occurring at the mineral–aqueous fluid interface control the evolution of the rocks and hence the structure of the crust of the Earth during processes such as metamorphism, metasomatism, and weathering. In recent years focus has been concentrated on mineral surface reactions made possible through the development of advanced analytical methods such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), advanced electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), phase shift interferometry, confocal Raman spectroscopy, and advanced synchrotron-based applications, to enable mineral surfaces to be imaged and analyzed at the nanoscale. Experiments are increasingly complemented by molecular simulations to confirm or predict the results of these studies. This has enabled new and exciting possibilities to elucidate the mechanisms that govern mineral–fluid reactions. In this Special Issue, “Mineral Surface Reactions at the Nanoscale”, we present 12 contributions that highlight the role and importance of mineral surfaces in varying fields of research.

metadynamics --- minerals --- n/a --- microstructure --- dissolution-reprecipitation --- stabilization --- albite --- mineral–water interface --- simulation --- krennerite --- mineralogy --- mineral replacement --- calcite --- pyrite --- dissolution-precipitation --- goethite --- recrystallization --- gold–(silver) tellurides --- isotopes --- non-classical nucleation --- calaverite --- interfacial precipitation --- toxic metals --- metasomatism --- adsorption --- amorphous --- pre-nucleation clusters --- surface --- dissolution --- hematite --- cyanide --- MOFs --- leaching --- Raman spectroscopy --- sodalite --- carbonation --- rate spectra --- retreat velocity --- additives --- liquid precursors --- bioaragonite --- brucite --- kinetics --- re-adsorption --- brushite --- polymorphs --- dissolution–precipitation --- hydrothermal experiments --- apatite --- ferrihydrite --- mesocrystals --- catalysts --- carbonic anhydrase --- XPS --- replacement reaction --- mineral growth --- carbon capture and storage --- interfaces --- citrate --- classical nucleation theory --- REEs --- phosphate --- wollastonite --- polarization microscopy --- natural porous gold --- sylvanite --- analcime --- calcium phosphate --- Fe atom exchange --- nepheline --- biomineralisation --- interface-coupled dissolution–reprecipitation --- hydrothermal method --- mineral-water interface --- gold-(silver) tellurides --- interface-coupled dissolution-reprecipitation

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The landscape of minimally invasive urological intervention is changing. A lot of new innovations and technological developments have happened over the last 3 decades. Laparoscopy and robotic surgery have revolutionised kidney and prostate cancer treatment, with more minimally invasive procedures now being carried out than ever before. At the same time, technological advancements and the use of laser have changed the face of endourology. Several new innovative treatments are now commonplace for benign prostate enlargement (BPE). Management of prostate cancer now involves procedures such as robotic prostatectomy, brachytherapy, radiotherapy, cryotherapy and HIFU. Robotic partial nephrectomy and cryotherapy have changed the face of renal cancer. En-bloc resection of bladder cancer is challenging the traditional management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and becoming commonplace, while robotic cystectomy is also gaining popularity for muscle invasive bladder cancer. Newer surgical intervention related to BPE includes laser (holmium, thulium and green light), water-based treatment (Rezum, Aquablation) and other minimally invasive procedures such as prostate artery embolisation (PAE) and Urolift. Endourological procedures have incorporated newer laser types and settings such as moses technology, disposable ureteroscopes (URS) and minimisation of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) instruments. All these technological innovations and improvements have led to shorter hospital stay, reduced cost, potential reduction in complications and improvement in the quality of life (QoL).

partial nephrectomy --- single site surgery --- sutureless --- CEUS --- contrast-enhanced ultrasound --- renal ultrasound --- image quality --- small renal mass (3–5) --- kidney stones --- metabolic syndrome --- urolithiasis --- nephrolithiasis --- kidney calculi --- diabetes mellitus --- acute kidney injury --- percutaneous nephrolithotomy --- urology --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- urinary incontinence --- kidney stone disease --- fertility --- reproductive urology --- renal cell carcinoma --- hydronephrosis --- urinary reflux --- endourology --- pediatric urology --- prostate cancer --- bladder cancer --- nephrostomy --- quality of life --- survival --- decision making --- ureteroscopy --- laser --- RIRS --- Moses --- holmium --- mineral water --- mineral composition --- drinking water --- still water --- sparkling water --- Ho:YAG laser --- thulium fiber laser --- laser fiber --- lithotripsy --- chronic prostatitis --- chronic pelvic pain syndrome --- extracorporeal shockwave therapy --- ESWT --- NIH-CPSI --- EHS --- IIEF-5 --- QoL --- urosepsis --- laser lithotripsy --- predictor factors --- PCNL --- renal tumour --- AI --- TFL

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À la fin du Moyen Âge, un véritable thermalisme prit essor en Toscane. De nombreuses sources chaudes et minérales furent captées et utilisées à des fins essentiellement thérapeutiques. Dans les campagnes, des bains - c'est-à-dire des bassins - furent aménagés et plusieurs stations thermales se formèrent pour abriter les curistes comme tous ceux qui se destinaient à les héberger, à les nourrir ou à les soigner lors de leur séjour. En prenant appui essentiellement sur la documentation des archives siennoises et lucquoises, cet ouvrage se propose d'étudier les formes de ce développement thermal : les caractéristiques et l'importance de l'habitat et des activités thermales, l'aspect des infrastructures balnéaires, le rôle des autorités communales (urbaines ou rurales) dans la mise en valeur et l'exploitation des eaux chaudes et des espaces thermaux, l'intérêt, enfin, des populations citadines pour des pratiques médicales et récréatives nouvelles et pour les profits du thermalisme.

Health resorts --- Stations climatiques, thermales, etc. --- History --- Tuscany (Italy) --- Toscane (Italie) --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Histoire --- Conditions sociales --- Mineral waters --- Hot springs --- Baths, Hot --- Economic aspects --- History. --- Therapeutic use --- Siena (Italy) --- Geological Phenomena --- Environment --- Public Facilities --- Beverages --- Humanities --- Physical Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Food and Beverages --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena --- Sanitation --- Phenomena and Processes --- Health Care --- Public Health --- Biological Phenomena --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Hot Springs --- History, Medieval --- History, Early Modern 1451-1600 --- Health Resorts --- Mineral Waters --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Geography --- Conditions économiques --- Mineral Water --- Water, Mineral --- Waters, Mineral --- Health Resort --- Resort, Health --- Resorts, Health --- Early Modern History (Medicine) --- Early Modern History of Medicine --- Early Modern Medicine --- History of Medicine, Early Modern --- History, Early Modern --- Medicine, Early Modern --- Early Modern History --- Early Modern Histories (Medicine) --- Histories, Early Modern (Medicine) --- History, Early Modern (Medicine) --- History, Early Modern 1451 1600 --- Modern Histories, Early (Medicine) --- Modern History, Early --- Modern History, Early (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine, Early --- History of Medicine, Medieval --- History of Medicine, Renaissance --- Medicine, Medieval History --- Medicine, Renaissance --- Medieval History (Medicine) --- Renaissance Medicine --- Medieval History --- Histories, Medieval (Medicine) --- History Medicine, Medieval --- History, Medieval (Medicine) --- Medieval Histories (Medicine) --- Medieval History Medicine --- Geothermal Springs --- Warm Springs --- Geothermal Spring --- Hot Spring --- Spring, Geothermal --- Spring, Hot --- Spring, Warm --- Springs, Geothermal --- Springs, Hot --- Springs, Warm --- Warm Spring --- Biologic Phenomena --- Biological Phenomenon --- Biological Process --- Phenomena, Biological --- Biological Processes --- Phenomena, Biologic --- Phenomenon, Biological --- Process, Biological --- Processes, Biological --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Ecological and Environmental Concepts --- Ecological and Environmental Processes --- Beverages and Food --- Physical Phenomenon --- Physical Process --- Physical Concepts --- Physical Processes --- Concept, Physical --- Concepts, Physical --- Phenomena, Physical --- Phenomenon, Physical --- Physical Concept --- Process, Physical --- Processes, Physical --- Beverage --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Environmental Impact --- Environmental Impacts --- Impact, Environmental --- Impacts, Environmental --- Environments --- Geological Phenomenon --- Geological Process --- Geophysical Phenomena --- Geophysical Process --- Geophysical Processes --- Geological Concepts --- Geological Processes --- Concept, Geological --- Concepts, Geological --- Geological Concept --- Phenomena, Geological --- Phenomena, Geophysical --- Phenomenon, Geological --- Process, Geological --- Process, Geophysical --- Processes, Geological --- Processes, Geophysical --- Facilities, Public --- Facility, Public --- Public Facility --- Balneology --- Water --- Natural Springs --- Sports and Recreational Facilities --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Environmental Health --- Carbonated waters --- Saline waters --- Thermal springs --- Geothermal resources --- Springs --- Health resorts, watering-places, etc. --- Health spas --- Spas --- Watering places (Health resorts) --- Health facilities --- Resorts --- Hot baths --- Tubbing, Hot --- Tubs, Hot --- Economic aspects&delete& --- Therapeutic use&delete& --- Sienne (Italy) --- Sienna (Italy) --- Siyenah (Italy) --- Comune di Siena (Italy) --- Siena (Tuscany) --- Economic conditions. --- Baths --- Italy --- Food And Beverage --- And Beverage, Food --- And Beverages, Food --- Beverage, Food And --- Beverages, Food And --- Health resorts - Economic aspects - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Health resorts - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Mineral waters - Therapeutic use - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Hot springs - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Baths, Hot - Italy - Tuscany - History. --- Health resorts - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Mineral waters - Therapeutic use - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Hot springs - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Baths, Hot - Italy - Tuscany - History --- Siena (Italy) - Economic conditions --- Siena (Italy) - History --- histoire de la médecine --- thermes --- Toscane --- édifices balnéaires