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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

mixotrophy --- Protists --- microbial ecology --- Symbiosis --- Kleptoplastidy --- dinoflagellates

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In the book Microbial Biofilms: Importance and applications, eminent scientists provide an up-to-date review of the present and future trends on biofilm-related research. This book is divided with four subdivisions as biofilm fundamentals, applications, health aspects, and their control. Moreover, this book also provides a comprehensive account on microbial interactions in biofilms, pyocyanin, and extracellular DNA in facilitating Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, atomic force microscopic studies of biofilms, and biofilms in beverage industry. The book comprises a total of 21 chapters from valued contributions from world leading experts in Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Serbia, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, and Turkey. This book may be used as a text or reference for everyone interested in biofilms and their applications. It is also highly recommended for environmental microbiologists, soil scientists, medical microbiologists, bioremediation experts, and microbiologists working in biocorrosion, biofouling, biodegradation, water microbiology, quorum sensing, and many other related areas. Scientists in academia, research laboratories, and industry will also find it of interest.

Microbial ecology. --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Medical microbiology & virology

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Biofilms --- Microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Microbial ecology --- Biofilms. --- Microbiological Phenomena. --- Microbiology & Immunology

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Plant-Bacteria Interactions --- Virulence --- Microbial Ecology --- Population Biology --- Epidemiology

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Half a century ago, soil microbiologists reached the conclusion that a full understanding of the growth and activity of microorganisms in soils and sediments would require quantitative observations at spatial scales as near as possible to the size of the organisms themselves. Back then, this type of observation was not feasible at all, unfortunately. The development of electron microscopes in the 60s and 70s provided qualitative insight into microscopic parameters that controlled the activity of bacteria, archaea, and fungi in pore spaces, but produced no quantitative information. It is only with the technological advances in X-ray computed micro-tomography (µCT), first at synchrotron facilities in the 90s, then with commercial table-top scanners in the early 2000s, that quantitative, micrometric data on the geometry of the pore space has become available. In the last decade, different methods have also been developed to measure the spatial distribution of microorganisms at fine resolution in thin sections, as well as to map the composition of organic soil constituents or the nature of nitrogenous compounds at micrometric or even nanometric scales. Finally, a number of computational approaches have been adopted successfully to model mathematically the various physico-chemical processes occurring within pores, which affect the growth and activity of microorganisms. After these novel techniques became available, an initial stage in the research has consisted of identifying and resolving the problems associated with their use to elucidate microbial processes in heterogeneous soils and sediments. Significant progress has been achieved in this respect, for example in the development of objective (operator-independent), local segmentation techniques adapted for X-ray µCT images, in terms of improvements of hybridisation (FISH) technologies to locate bacterial and archaeal cells in soil thin sections, or in the in elaboration of statistical tools to interpolate 2-D measurements to produce 3-D data. All of this progress enables us to now enter with confidence into a second stage of the research, where different techniques will be combined to apprehend more completely the characteristics of microhabitats in terrestrial systems. A number of research groups around the world are trying to quantify the physical and (bio)chemical features of these microhabitats, as well as to describe as thoroughly as possible the composition and biodiversity of microbial populations they contain. Within the next few years, increasing focus will be placed on this integration of techniques, and progress in this respect will likely be fueled very significantly by the development of an array of new techniques, e.g., single-cell metabolomics or X-rays produced by plasma wave accelerators, which offer great promise for the research on soils and sediments.

microbial ecology --- carbon sequestration --- soil organic matter --- greenhouse gas production --- dynamics --- modeling