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This Special Issue entitled “β-glucan in foods and health benefits” reports on the health benefits of indigestible carbohydrates with respect to metabolic diseases and immune functions. The effects of β-glucan have been investigated through the use isolated preparations or natural dietary fibers from whole grain cereals and brans, yeasts, or Euglena. This Special Issue includes original research articles that are based on human intervention studies that address the effects of β-glucan on metabolic diseases and immune function-related markers as well as in vitro and in vivo studies. It also reviews the health benefits of β-glucans in humans.

humans --- oat β-glucan --- acute glycemic response --- dietary fiber --- preload --- carbohydrates --- β-1,3-glucan --- Euglena gracilis --- Ca2+ signaling --- intestinal epithelial cell --- intravital imaging --- small intestine --- immune system --- barley --- β-glucan --- microarray --- short chain fatty acids --- lipid metabolism. --- low molecular weight --- fermentation --- prebiotics --- Autreobasidium pullulans --- β-1,3-1,6-glucan --- physiological function --- oat beta-glucan --- colitis --- Crohn’s disease --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- TLRs --- Dectin-1 --- rats --- L cell --- glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) --- glucose tolerance --- short-chain fatty acids --- sIgA --- microbiota --- randomized clinical trial --- symptoms --- gastrointestinal tract --- musculo-skeletal system --- oats --- oatmeal --- beta-glucan --- beta glucan --- health claim --- regulation --- food-health relationship --- gastritis --- inflammatory process --- antioxidant properties --- paramylon --- abdominal fat --- DNA microarray --- gene ontology --- PPAR signaling --- n/a --- Crohn's disease

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The influenza virus poses a threat to human health and is responsible for global epidemics every year. In addition to seasonal infections, influenza can cause occasional pandemics of great consequence when novel viruses are introduced into humans. Despite the implementation of comprehensive vaccination programs, influenza viruses continue to pose an important and unpredictable global public health threat. They are one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality each year and have a significant economic impact. In recent years, research has been conducted to find alternative approaches to influenza vaccine development, including the generation of universal vaccines. Notably, significant progress in the field of influenza infection, transmission, and immunity have contributed to our understanding of influenza biology, and to expanding the technological approaches for the generation of more efficient strategies against influenza infections. Moreover, highly remarkable developments have been made in the implementation of new methodologies to evaluate the efficiency of vaccines and improve them for use on domestic animals such as poultry, horses, dogs or pigs. This enables us to decrease the exposure of humans to potentially pandemic viruses. The articles in this Special Issue will address the importance of influenza to human health and the advances in influenza research that have led to the development of better therapeutics and vaccination strategies.

heterosubtypic immunity of influenza --- master donor virus --- imprinting --- hemagglutinin --- universal vaccines --- pandemic --- adaptive immunity --- pregnant women --- innate immunity --- antibodies --- Influenza vaccine --- ARDS --- influenza A virus --- humoral response --- influenza vaccine --- original antigenic sin “OAS” --- germinal centers --- immunogenicity --- lung --- epitopes --- Influenza virus --- single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) --- influenza virus --- protein microarray assay --- “universal” influenza vaccine --- vaccination --- influenza --- multiple dimensional assay (MDA) --- infection --- tissue resident --- memory --- vaccines --- CD4 T cell --- broad neutralizing antibody(bnAb) --- hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus --- original antigenic sin --- immune response --- morbidity --- T cell --- mPLEX-Flu assay --- Influenza A virus (IAV) --- virus–host interaction --- hemagglutin stalk --- memory B cells --- vaccine safety --- protection efficacy --- live attenuated influenza vaccine --- pediatrics --- vaccination rate

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A full awareness of the role played by a healthy diet, as part of a healthy lifestyle, in countering or slowing-down chronic and degenerative diseases has strongly increased the interest in food bioactives and the return of ancient foods that are nowadays considered functional. In fact, these dietary substances, to which nutraceutical attributes are increasingly entrusted, could display disease-preventing effects on animals and humans. In this context, polyphenols, which are widespread and mostly copious in dietary plant sources, have gained a lot of attention thanks to their potential ability to halt or reverse oxidative stress-related diseases. Indeed, food could contain, beyond health-promoting compounds, toxicants which are naturally occurring or process-induced dietary compounds with adverse effects on human health. The presence and abundance of bioactives are strictly related to their food source. Edible plant components largely contain beneficial secondary metabolites, but understanding them fully is still an important challenge as complex biotic and abiotic interactions are involved in their biosynthesis. Analytical methods, which are increasingly powerful, could enhance our knowledge of food bioactives, whereas the deep investigation of their bioactivity and bioavailability could make them particularly useful.

Urtica dioica --- natural products bioactivity --- food bioactives --- nutraceuticals --- cancer therapy --- breast cancer --- Aloe vera --- Aloe vera polysaccharides --- in vitro fermentation --- SCFAs --- antioxidant capacity --- food waste recovery --- grape leaves --- UHPLC-HR-MS/MS analysis --- flavonol glycuronides recovery --- linoleic acid peroxidation products --- hexane --- gastric cells --- metabolomics --- cDNA microarray --- avocado --- LC/MS --- fat-soluble vitamins --- carotenoids --- Cannabis sativa L. --- phenylamides --- lignanamides --- hemp seeds --- high resolution tandem mass spectrometry --- U-87 glioblastoma cells --- cytotoxicity --- Pistacia vera --- antioxidant --- quality --- tocopherol --- FTIR --- discriminant analysis --- pistacia (Pistacia vera) hulls --- anticancer --- bacterial resistance --- efflux pumps --- terpenoids --- thymol --- carvacrol --- Rosmarinus officinalis L. --- fresh young shoots tincture --- polyphenols --- terpenes --- hepatoprotective --- n/a

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Phages have shown a high biotechnological potential with numerous applications. The advent of high-resolution microscopy techniques aligned with omic and molecular tools have revealed innovative phage features and enabled new processes that can be further exploited for biotechnological applications in a wide variety of fields. The high-quality original articles and reviews presented in this Special Issue demonstrate the incredible potential of phages and their derived proteins in a wide range of biotechnological applications for human benefit. Considering the emergence of amazing new available bioengineering tools and the high abundance of phages and the multitude of phage proteins yet to be discovered and studied, we believe that the upcoming years will present us with many more fascinating and new previously unimagined phage-based biotechnological applications.

toxicity --- encapsulation --- n/a --- cancerous tumors --- bacteriophage-derived lytic enzyme --- native gel electrophoresis --- bacteriophages --- Cpl-1 --- O-antigen --- ESKAPE --- Clostridium perfringens --- X-ray crystallography --- macromolecular interactions --- safety --- biofilm --- major coat protein --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- Staphylococcus aureus --- tail sheath protein --- magnetic separation --- serotyping --- pathogenic viruses --- liposomes --- tuberculosis --- Listeria monocytogenes --- nanotubular structures --- alpha-sheet --- biosensors --- sarcoidosis --- tailspike proteins --- M13 bacteriophage --- Streptococcus pneumoniae --- gene expression regulation --- bacteriophage recombination --- self-assembly --- phage therapy --- R-type pyocin --- contractile injection systems --- bacteriophage vB_EcoM_FV3 --- microtiter plate assay --- Enterococcus faecalis --- culture enrichment --- drug delivery vehicles --- neurodegenerative disease --- landscape phage --- niosomes --- bacteriophage --- Myoviridae --- bacteriophage evolution --- porous structure --- phage-host interaction --- phage display --- immune response --- antibiotic resistance --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- phage --- bacteriocin --- Appelmans --- fluorescence sensor --- molecular probe --- nanomedicine --- Shigella flexneri --- reporter phage --- filters --- in vitro activity --- capsid dynamics --- immunoscreening --- diagnostics --- microarray --- receptor-binding protein --- endolysin --- enzybiotics --- transfersomes --- T7phage library --- Pal

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This book is a compilation of articles by experts on the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease, many of which are full of data-based evidence from basic research perspectives or patient data.

70-kDa heat shock proteins --- gingival crevicular fluid --- heat shock protein --- periodontitis --- periodontal disease --- diabetes --- diabetic retinopathy --- bleeding on probing --- probing pocket depth --- fasting blood sugar --- carotid artery calcification --- alveolar bone loss --- computed tomography --- panoramic radiographs --- aspiration pneumonia --- chronic periodontitis --- Porphyromonas gingivalis --- proinflammatory cytokines --- TLR2 --- epidemiological index --- item response theory --- oral examination --- diagnosis --- Mfa1 --- Toll-like receptors --- gingival fibroblast --- azithromycin --- human gingival fibroblast --- human periodontal ligament fibroblast --- IL-6 --- IL-8 --- MMP-1 --- MMP-2 --- chewing ability --- infection --- inflammation --- periodontal medicine --- Gan-Lu-Yin --- herbal medicine --- osteoclastogenesis --- periodontal diseases --- periodontal pocket --- health status indicators --- periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) --- rheumatoid arthritis --- tocilizumab --- periodontal inflamed surface area --- periodontal pathogen --- mixed effect modeling --- follow-up study --- Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) --- human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) --- microarray --- differentially gene expression (DEGs) --- gene ontology --- biological processes (BP) --- protein–protein interaction (PPI)