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Book
Inégalités comptent-elles ? : Comment les gens perçoivent les disparités économiques et la mobilité sociale
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ISBN: 9264877665 Year: 2022 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

Relancer l'économie après la crise induite par la pandémie de COVID 19 nécessite des politiques et des réformes qui s'attaquent aux inégalités et soutiennent l'égalité des chances. Toutefois, la mise en œuvre de telles réformes exige un large soutien de la population. Afin de mieux comprendre les facteurs qui influencent l'adhésion de l'opinion publique, le présent rapport propose une analyse détaillée de la perception qu'ont les individus des inégalités et des préoccupations qu'elles suscitent dans différents pays. Il décrit comment les préoccupations relatives aux inégalités de revenu ont progressé au fil du temps dans les pays de l'OCDE. Aujourd'hui, dans la plupart des pays, une grande majorité de la population considère que les inégalités de revenu sont trop importantes et que la mobilité intergénérationnelle est trop faible. Pourtant, les politiques de réduction des inégalités pourraient ne pas susciter une adhésion suffisante à leur mise en œuvre si la société ne parvient pas à s'accorder sur des solutions politiques concrètes ou si ses membres doutent de l'efficacité de ces mesures. En outre, même lorsque la majorité réclame plus d'égalité, une opinion publique divisée peut compliquer l'introduction de réformes. Le rapport montre que les personnes d'un même pays sont souvent divisées au sujet de l'ampleur des inégalités et de ce qui devrait être fait pour relever ce défi. Il présente comment l'analyse des perceptions et des préoccupations des individus peut être utilisée pour éclairer l'élaboration de l'action des pouvoirs publics.


Book
Mathematics and Engineering
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book is a compilation of works covering applied mathematical methods and their applications in complex engineering problems. The methods covered in this book include modeling and simulation, computation, analysis, control, optimization, data science, and machine learning. The engineering application topics include but are not limited to environmental engineering, cybersecurity, transportation, agriculture, smart grid, and next-generation manufacturing.

Keywords

Phoronomics --- mechanics --- kinetics --- kinematics --- direction cosines --- Euler angles --- space dynamics --- digital computation --- control systems --- control engineering --- industrial cyber-physical systems --- cyber-attacks --- neural network --- model predictive control --- nonlinear chemical processes --- network classification --- network evolution --- network symmetries --- Green’s symmetry problem --- network invariants --- network internal dynamics --- symmetry ensembles --- propensities --- energy --- opening capability --- security --- smart grid --- group signature --- anonymous signature --- autonomous vehicle --- target detection --- multi-sensors --- fusion --- YOLO --- linear response eigenvalue problem --- block methods --- weighted Golub-Kahan-Lanczos algorithm --- convergence analysis --- thick restart --- mining vibrating screen --- theoretical rigid body model --- spring failures diagnosis --- amplitudes change --- real-time optimization --- nonlinear processes --- process control --- chemical reactor control --- distillation column control --- energy-based control --- payload swing attenuation --- linear matrix inequalities --- quadrotor --- larger Lipschitz constants --- comparative advantage --- transaction cost --- specialized production --- infra-marginal model --- agricultural division of labor --- velocity-slip --- temperature-jump --- homotopy analysis method --- nanofluids --- power-law fluids --- state estimation --- parameter estimation --- moving horizon estimation --- extended kalman filter --- ensemble kalman filter --- richards equation --- agro-hydrological systems --- economic model predictive control --- chemical processes --- responsive control --- artificial intelligence --- interpretability --- controller verification --- seashore soft soil --- cement --- sulfuric acid erosion --- stress–strain behavior --- mathematical model --- Micro Grid --- optimization theory --- optimization --- MATLAB simulation


Book
Modeling of Wind Turbines and Wind Farms
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Wind Power Plant (WPP) and Wind Turbine (WT) modeling are becoming of key importance due to the relevant wind-generation impact on power systems. Wind integration into power systems must be carefully analyzed to forecast the effects on grid stability and reliability. Different agents, such as Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs), focus on transient analyses. Wind turbine manufacturers, power system software developers, and technical consultants are also involved. WPP and WT dynamic models are often divided into two types: detailed and simplified. Detailed models are used for Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) simulations, providing both electrical and mechanical responses with high accuracy during short time intervals. Simplified models, also known as standard or generic models, are designed to give reliable responses, avoiding high computational resources. Simplified models are commonly used by TSOs and DSOs to carry out different transient stability studies, including loss of generation, switching of power lines or balanced faults, etc., Assessment and validation of such dynamic models is also a major issue due to the importance and difficulty of collecting real data. Solutions facing all these challenges, including the development, validation and application of WT and WPP models are presented in this Issue.

Keywords

bearing current --- common mode current --- doubly fed induction generators --- permanent magnet synchronous generators --- wind turbine generator --- doubly-fed generator --- converter control --- short-circuit current --- second harmonic component --- low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) field test data --- complex terrain --- terrain-induced turbulence --- turbulence intensity --- LES --- vortex shedding --- frequency control --- wind power integration --- power system stability --- turbulence --- statistical modelling --- Wind Turbine (WT) --- Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) --- unbalanced grid voltage --- DC-linked voltage control --- Proportional Resonant with Resonant Harmonic Compensator (PR+HC) controller --- Adaptive Proportional Integral (API) control --- power control --- wind turbine near wake --- wind turbine wakes --- wake aerodynamics --- computational fluid dynamics --- rotor aerodynamics --- wind turbine validation --- MEXICO experiment --- wind energy --- model validation --- wind turbine aerodynamics --- wind farms --- wind turbines interaction --- wind farm modeling --- kernel density estimation --- multiple wind farms --- joint probability density --- ordinal optimization --- reactive power capability --- wind power plant --- wind power collection system --- aggregated, modelling --- wind integration studies --- long term voltage stability --- fault-ride through capability --- IEC 61400-27-1 --- Spanish PO 12.3 --- Type 3 wind turbine --- inertia --- wind power --- droop --- primary control --- frequency containment process --- wind integration --- demand response --- ancillary services --- wind turbine nacelle --- lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) --- magnetic field intensity --- shielding mesh --- wake steering --- yaw misalignment --- multi body simulation --- main bearing loads --- rain flow counts --- aeroelasticity --- multi-rotor system --- wind turbine --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) --- permanent-magnet synchronous-generator (PMSG) --- linear quadratic regulator (LQR) --- PI control algorithm --- LQR-PI control --- wind turbine blade --- large-eddy simulation --- turbulence evaluation index --- fatigue damage evaluation index --- DIgSILENT-PowerFactory --- MATLAB --- transient stability --- type 3 wind turbine --- DFIG --- field testing --- full-scale converter --- generic model --- validation --- HAWT --- aerodynamic characteristics --- dynamic yawing process --- near wake --- start-stop yaw velocity --- load frequency control (LFC) --- equivalent input disturbance (EID) --- active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) --- wind --- linear matrix inequalities (LMI) --- dynamic modeling --- grey-box parameter identification --- subspace identification --- recursive least squares --- optimal identification


Book
Fractional-Order Integral and Derivative Operators and Their Applications
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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In recent years, various families of fractional-order integral and derivative operators, such as those named after Riemann-Liouville, Weyl, Hadamard, Grunwald-Letnikov, Riesz, Erdelyi-Kober, Liouville-Caputo, and so on, have been found to be remarkably important and fruitful, due mainly to their demonstrated applications in numerous seemingly diverse and widespread areas of the mathematical, physical, chemical, engineering, and statistical sciences. Many of these fractional-order operators provide interesting, potentially useful tools for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, as well as integral, differintegral, and integro-differential equations; fractional-calculus analogues and extensions of each of these equations; and various other problems involving special functions of mathematical physics and applied mathematics, as well as their extensions and generalizations in one or more variables. For this Special Issue, we invite and welcome review, expository, and original research articles dealing with the recent advances in the theory of fractional-order integral and derivative operators and their multidisciplinary applications.

Keywords

Legendre wavelet --- operational matrix --- systems of fractional order differential equations --- Liouville_Caputo sense --- analytic functions --- starlike functions --- univalent functions --- length problems --- SIR model --- Hermite collocation method --- approximate solution --- Hermite polynomials and series --- collocation points --- starlike and q-starlike functions --- q-derivative operator --- q-hypergeometric functions --- conic and generalized conic domains --- Hankel determinant --- Toeplitz matrices --- fractional differential equations --- Riemann-stieltjes integral --- monotone iterative method --- upper and lower solutions --- fractional diffusion equation --- controllability --- impulsive system --- unique continuation property --- non-linear fractional variational problems --- orthogonal polynomials --- Rayleigh-Ritz method --- error analysis --- convergence analysis --- Banach space --- Sobolev space --- Laplace operators --- nonlocal boundary conditions --- fractional differential systems --- mixed Riemann–Liouville integral --- mixed Hadamard integral --- Hilfer derivative --- Hadamard derivative --- coupled system --- random solution --- variable order fractional derivative --- initial value problem --- piecewise constant functions --- starlike function --- Toeplitz determinant --- sine function --- upper bound --- convex functions --- subordination --- logarithmic coefficients --- Gauss hypergeometric function --- confluent hypergeometric function --- Appell’s functions --- incomplete fractional calculus --- Riemann-Liouville fractional integral --- generating functions --- fractional integrals --- fractional derivatives --- Mittag–Leffler functions --- field spectrum --- fractional calculus --- desert soil --- available potassium --- correlation analysis --- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis --- latent reservoir --- HIV infection --- fractional order model --- multivalent functions --- close-to-convex functions --- uniformly starlike functions --- uniformly close-to-convex functions --- conic domains --- q-calculus --- differential subordination --- Janowski function --- cardioid domain --- limacon domain --- fractional order unknown input fuzzy observer --- fractional order Takagi–Sugeno models --- L2 optimization --- linear matrix inequalities --- unmeasurable premise variables --- global solutions --- fractional in time and space shallow-water system --- ψ-Caputo fractional derivative --- Hilfer fractional derivative --- Ulam stability --- pantograph differential equation --- nonlocal integral condition --- Miura transform --- soliton equations --- logarithm --- n/a --- mixed Riemann-Liouville integral --- Appell's functions --- Mittag-Leffler functions --- fractional order Takagi-Sugeno models

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