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This book is in essence a collection of essays which are state of the art in their respective areas of knowledge. They inform the reader of all sorts of mechanistic considerations when developing understanding of issues surrounding the origins of congenital abnormalities. These chapters are written by world renown authorities in this area of science and represent a wide range of expertise from a clinician perspective, through to genetic mechanisms. Unlike some books which take a formal textual, somewhat plodding way through pathophysiology here instead we have cut through chapters in which the student , or scientist or medic is lead to understand just how complex the origins can be via examples from different parts of the body. With the erudite chapters are relevant tables and other diagrams to help clarify the text . These chapters represent a starter text for the stimulus for further knowledge of what is an increasingly important area of human health.

Abnormalities, Human. --- Abnormalities --- Anomalies, Congenital --- Birth defects --- Congenital abnormalities --- Congenital anomalies --- Defects, Birth --- Deformities --- Developmental abnormalities --- Human abnormalities --- Malformations, Congenital --- Morphology --- Pathology --- Teratogenesis --- Teratology --- Medical genetics

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Nowadays, nobody can imagine practicing obstetrics without using obstetrical ultrasound. Working in the prenatal diagnosis field requires dedication, patience, skills, experience, caution, and empathy. The concept of this book was guided by the desire to provide some help to the ultrasound operators. On a daily basis, they are confronted with the challenging task of ruling out or suspecting/confirming the diagnosis of fetal anomalies, either structural or chromosomal. The chapters of this book contain objective and exhaustive updated reviews of the pertinent literature, so that the reader would have a wide reference basis on each subject. Yet, many authors scan the fetus themselves or are directly involved with managing pregnancies with structural malformations or chromosomal anomalies. They kindly shared their personal experience and lessons learned over the years. This book is beneficial for all the professionals working in the prenatal diagnosis.

Congenital Abnormalities. --- Abnormalities --- Anomalies, Congenital --- Birth defects --- Congenital abnormalities --- Congenital anomalies --- Defects, Birth --- Deformities --- Developmental abnormalities --- Human abnormalities --- Malformations, Congenital --- Morphology --- Pathology --- Teratogenesis --- Teratology --- Medicine --- Embryology --- Health Sciences --- Obstetrics and Gynecology --- Abnormalities, Congenital --- Defects, Congenital --- Birth Defects --- Congenital Defects --- Fetal Anomalies --- Fetal Malformations --- Abnormality, Congenital --- Anomaly, Fetal --- Birth Defect --- Congenital Abnormality --- Congenital Defect --- Defect, Birth --- Defect, Congenital --- Deformity --- Fetal Anomaly --- Fetal Malformation --- Malformation, Fetal --- Fetal Diseases --- Infant, Newborn, Diseases --- Abnormalities, Human. --- Human embryo --- Newborn infants. --- Abnormalities.

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This book is an assessment of the effects on human health of reclaimed water. The assessment focuses on adverse outcomes among liveborn infants, including low birth weight, preterm birth, infant mortality, and birth defects, from 1982 to 1993. Outcome rates in the Montebello Forebay area, which has received some reclaimed water in its water supply since 1962, are compared with a control area that received no reclaimed water. Using a cohort study design, this epidemiologic assessment analyzes outcome data on individuals classified by a ZIP code-level percentage of reclaimed water. The results of the study do not provide evidence of an association between reclaimed water and adverse birth outcomes.

Water reuse --- Abnormalities, Human --- Drinking water --- Birth weight, Low --- Fetal death --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Gynecology & Obstetrics --- Fetal stillbirth --- Fetal wastage --- Fetus --- Fetus, Death of the --- Intrauterine death --- Reproductive wastage --- Wastage, Fetal --- Death --- Pregnancy --- Low birth weight --- Fetal growth retardation --- Premature infants --- Potable water --- Tap water --- Beverages --- Fresh water --- Abnormalities --- Anomalies, Congenital --- Birth defects --- Congenital abnormalities --- Congenital anomalies --- Defects, Birth --- Deformities --- Developmental abnormalities --- Human abnormalities --- Malformations, Congenital --- Morphology --- Pathology --- Teratogenesis --- Teratology --- Reclamation of water --- Reuse of water --- Waste water reclamation --- Wastewater reclamation --- Water --- Water reclamation --- Water renovation --- Water salvage --- Factory and trade waste --- Recycling (Waste, etc.) --- Salvage (Waste, etc.) --- Sewage --- Water conservation --- Water quality management --- Water-supply --- Water use --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Contamination --- Complications --- Reuse --- Purification