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This open access book is a consolidation of lessons learnt and experiences gathered from our efforts to utilise Earth observation (EO) science and applications to address environmental challenges in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. It includes a complete package of knowledge on service life cycles including multi-disciplinary topics and practically tested applications for the HKH. It comprises 19 chapters drawing from a decade’s worth of experience gleaned over the course of our implementation of SERVIR-HKH – a joint initiative of NASA, USAID, and ICIMOD – to build capacity on using EO and geospatial technology for effective decision making in the region. The book highlights SERVIR’s approaches to the design and delivery of information services – in agriculture and food security; land cover and land use change, and ecosystems; water resources and hydro-climatic disasters; and weather and climate services. It also touches upon multidisciplinary topics such as service planning; gender integration; user engagement; capacity building; communication; and monitoring, evaluation, and learning. We hope that this book will be a good reference document for professionals and practitioners working in remote sensing, geographic information systems, regional and spatial sciences, climate change, ecosystems, and environmental analysis. Furthermore, we are hopeful that policymakers, academics, and other informed audiences working in sustainable development and evaluation – beyond the wider SERVIR network and well as within it – will greatly benefit from what we share here on our applications, case studies, and documentation across cross-cutting topics.

Geographical information systems (GIS) & remote sensing --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Environmental monitoring --- Climate change --- Political economy --- Earth observation --- Geoinformation technology --- Agriculture and food security --- Land use land cover --- Flooding and extreme weather --- Climate services --- Service area planning --- User engagement --- Capacity building --- Disaster risk reduction --- Open Access

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Global warming and population growth have resulted in an increase in the intensity of natural and anthropogenic stressors. Investigating the complex nature of environmental problems requires the integration of different environmental processes across major components of the environment, including water, climate, ecology, air, and land. Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) not only includes analyzing and modeling environmental changes, but also supports planning alternatives that promote environmental monitoring and management.Disjointed and narrowly focused environmental management approaches have proved dissatisfactory. The adoption of integrated modelling approaches has sparked interests in the development of frameworks which may be used to investigate the processes of individual environmental component and the ways they interact with each other. Integrated modelling systems and frameworks are often the only way to take into account the important environmental processes and interactions, relevant spatial and temporal scales, and feedback mechanisms of complex systems for CEA.This book examines the ways in which interactions and relationships between environmental components are understood, paying special attention to climate, land, water quantity and quality, and both anthropogenic and natural stressors. It reviews modelling approaches for each component and reviews existing integrated modelling systems for CEA. Finally, it proposes an integrated modelling framework and provides perspectives on future research avenues for cumulative effects assessment.

Environmental impact analysis. --- Cumulative effects assessment (Environmental assessment) --- Hydrology. --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Environmental impact analysis --- Assessment of cumulative environmental effects --- Cumulative environmental effects assessment --- Environmental auditing --- Environmental monitoring --- Environmental protection --- Analysis of environmental impact --- Environmental assessment --- Environmental impact assessment --- Environmental impact evaluation --- Impact analysis, Environmental --- Athabasca Region. --- Athabasca River. --- Environmental problems. --- acidification. --- air quality. --- anthropogenetic stressors. --- applied modeling system. --- applied modelling. --- atmospheric deposition. --- climate change. --- cumulative effects assessment. --- environmental analysis. --- environmental impact assessment. --- environmental model. --- environmental modelling framework. --- environmental modelling. --- environmental planning. --- ground water interaction. --- groundwater. --- hydrodynamics. --- hydrology. --- integrated model. --- integrated modelling. --- land use/land cover. --- load allocation. --- natural stressors. --- surface water interaction. --- surface water. --- water allocation. --- water quality. --- watershed.

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This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.

cooling effect --- urban park --- thermal comfort --- physiological equivalent temperature --- perceived thermal comfort --- urban heat island --- air temperature --- sustainable cities --- smart cities --- urban health --- global warming --- urban green spaces --- sustainable urban development --- climate change mitigation and adaptation --- urban resilience  --- heatwaves --- urban overheating --- urban heat island intensity --- energy budget equation --- sensible heat flux --- latent heat flux --- advective heat flux --- Australian climatic conditions --- coastal cities --- desert climate --- surface urban heat island effect --- land use/land cover --- partial least square regression --- nonlinear programming --- Shanghai --- China --- urban form --- urban microclimate design --- city --- sustainability --- sustainable development --- cool roof --- passive radiative cooling --- metamaterials --- prototype

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This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on geo-information technology, notably optical and radar remote sensing and algorithm improvements, and their applications in environmental monitoring. This Special Issue presents ten high-quality research papers covering up-to-date research in land cover change and desertification analyses, geo-disaster risk and damage evaluation, mining area restoration assessments, the improvement and development of algorithms, and coastal environmental monitoring and object targeting. The purpose of this Special Issue is to promote exchanges, communications and share the research outcomes of scientists worldwide and to bridge the gap between scientific research and its applications for advancing and improving society.

Research & information: general --- earthquake --- damaged groups of buildings --- classification --- remote sensing images --- Convolution Neural Network (CNN) --- block vector data --- shoreline change --- landsat --- planet scope --- coastline --- morphological changes --- building extraction --- improved anchor-free instance segmentation --- high-resolution remote sensing images --- deep learning --- land use/land cover (LULC) --- GF-6 WFV --- object-oriented --- change detection --- double constraints --- REE mines --- mining and restoration assessment indicators (MRAIs) --- damage --- time trajectory --- effectiveness of management --- aeolian process --- desertification --- multi-sensor fusion --- interferometric SAR --- time-series analysis --- mussel farming --- high-resolution image --- transitional water management --- environmental pollution --- open source software --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- target --- sea surface --- multiple scattering --- geo-hazard mapping --- Gaofen-1 satellite --- land cover --- environmental factors --- susceptibility --- post-classification differencing --- generalized difference vegetation index (GDVI) --- multiple linear regression --- logistic regression --- n/a

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Despite recent progress in developing new strategies, practices and technologies for water resource management, their dissemination and implementation have been limited. The nexus approach encompasses these interdependencies, and to promote this idea, different global frameworks are there to address global health in a holistic and comprehensive ways, such one earth, one health, eco-health, planetary health, etc. Planetary health is the most recent one advocated by the scientific communities as well as policy makers, however, very little has been done to present empirical scientific evidence from the ground. Considering the above-mentioned information gap, this special issue aimed to capture the persistently changing dimensions and new paradigms of water security, providing a holistic view including a wide range of sustainable solutions to address water security at different landscapes.

Research & information: general --- socio-hydrology --- Con Dao Island --- water resilience --- WEAP --- eutrophication --- variable interactions --- multiple linear regression --- reservoir --- water quality --- buffer zone --- land use/land cover --- Bangladesh --- heavy metals --- ecological risk --- Surma River --- Monte Carlo simulation --- multivariate analysis --- Hakanson risk index --- groundwater --- fractured rock --- hydrogeochemistry --- geochemical evolution --- environmental isotopes (δ18O --- δ2H --- and 3H) --- Ambaji Basin --- NW India --- socio-economic development --- water resource management --- EcoLab module --- hydrodynamics modeling --- surface water quality --- one dimension --- cage culture --- pond/lagoon culture --- MODFLOW --- groundwater modeling --- hydraulic conductivity --- coastal aquifer --- Mahanadi delta --- groundwater hydrology --- groundwater resource evaluation --- groundwater management --- groundwater reserves --- sustainable water resource management --- risk --- vulnerability --- climate change --- principal component analysis --- low-lying delta --- IPCC AR 4 and AR 5 --- microplastics --- freshwater --- human health --- Asia --- systematic review --- n/a