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Hydrogen is one of the abundant elements on earth majorly in the form of water (H2O) and mainly as hydrogen gas (H2). Catalytic hydrogenation is a key reaction that has versatile applications in different industries. The main objective of this book is to bring together various applications of hydrogenation through the perspective of leading researchers in the field. This book is intended to be used as a graduate-level text book or as a practical guide for industrial engineers.
Hydrogenation. --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Chemistry --- Organometallic Chemistry --- Organic Chemistry
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The domain of catalytic hydrogenation continues to grow fast, reflecting the wide range of chemical applications that can be enhanced by the easy use of molecular hydrogen. The advances in characterization techniques and their application have improved our understanding of the catalytic processes and mechanisms occurring in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The aim of this volume, although not exhaustive, is to provide a general overview of new progress of the hydrogenation reactions. This volume comprises a series of various contributions, as reviews or original articles, treating heterogeneously and homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions. It is composed of three parts: hydrogenation reactions in fine organic chemistry, hydrogenation reactions in environmental chemistry and renewable energy, and special topics in hydrogenation.
Hydrogenation. --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Chemistry --- Environmental Chemistry --- Organic Chemistry
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The general objective of this thesis was to explore the potential of in-situ H2O removal during fuel-related synthesis reactions with focus on in-situ H2O removal by hydrophilic membranes and by chemical reaction. It is demonstrated that in-situ H2O removal through vapour permeation during CO2 hydrogenation to Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons and during DME/DEE synthesis leads to increased conversion and yield levels, which are directly linked to the degree of H2O recovery.
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis --- H2O removal --- membrane reactor --- water gas shift reaction --- CO2 hydrogenation
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Large U.S. coal reserves and viable technology make promising a domestic. industry producing liquid fuels from coal. Weighing benefits, costs, and. environmental issues, a productive and robust U.S. strategy is to promote a. limited amount of early commercial experience in coal-to-liquids production. and to prepare the foundation for managing associated greenhouse-gas. emissions, both in a way that reduces uncertainties and builds future. capabilities.
Coal liquefaction -- Government policy -- United States. --- Coal liquefaction. --- Coal liquefaction --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical Engineering --- Government policy --- Coal --- Coal hydrogenation --- Liquefaction of coal --- Liquefaction --- Hydrogenation --- Liquid fuels --- Petroleum, Synthetic
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The government, as a principal, may seek to induce a private investor, as an agent, to build and operate an unconventional-oil production plant to promote early production experience with such plants. Given this goal,facing significant uncertainty about the future, the government wants to limit the cost to the public treasury of doing this. This report offers an analytic way to design and assess packages of policy instruments that the government can use to achieve its goal. It starts with general principles of the economic theories of contracting and agency. Looking across many alternative futures he
Coal liquefaction --United States. --- Energy development --United States. --- Federal aid to energy development --United States. --- Coal liquefaction --- Federal aid to energy development --- Energy development --- Chemical Engineering --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Coal --- Coal hydrogenation --- Liquefaction of coal --- Liquefaction --- Hydrogenation --- Liquid fuels --- Petroleum, Synthetic
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RAND researchers assess potential future production levels and costs, greenhouse gases, and other environmental implications of fuels derived from oil sands and via coal liquefaction relative to conventional petroleum-based transportation fuels.
Coal liquefaction. --- Heavy oil. --- Oil sands. --- Petroleum engineering. --- Petroleum engineering --- Heavy oil --- Oil sands --- Coal liquefaction --- Metallurgy & Mineralogy --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Coal --- Coal hydrogenation --- Liquefaction of coal --- Bituminous sand --- Oil-bearing sands --- Tar sand --- Liquefaction --- Hydrogenation --- Liquid fuels --- Petroleum, Synthetic --- Oil-shales --- Petroleum --- Mining engineering --- Geology --- E-books
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This book provides a collection of research and review articles useful for researchers, engineers, students and industry experts in the bioenergy field. The practical and valuable information can be utilized for developing and implementing renewable energy projects, selecting different waste feedstocks, technologies, and products. A detailed insight into advanced technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction, torrefaction, and supercritical CO2 extraction for making sustainable biofuels and chemicals is provided. A case study on food waste-to-energy valorization processes in Latin America provides experts’ insights to promote a circular economy.
Koelreuteria paniculata biodiesel --- non-edible feedstock --- transesterification --- physicochemical characterization --- optimization --- phenol --- hydrogenation --- Ni/CNT --- cyclohexanol --- transfer hydrogenation --- microalga --- fatty acid --- Vietnam --- Nannochloropsis --- Desmodesmus --- lignocellulosic --- bio-oil --- biocrude --- upgrading --- supercritical extraction --- supercritical CO2 --- hydrotreatment --- biorefinery --- pyrolysis --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- torrefaction --- oats --- maize --- straw --- biochar --- centralized waste valorization --- lifecycle thinking --- AHP --- side flow --- anaerobic digestion --- composting --- rice straw --- bio-crude --- methanol --- phenols --- esters --- energy-consumption ratio
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The use of solid catalysts for the upgrade of renewable sources gives the opportunity to combine the two main cores of green chemistry, that is, on the one hand, the set-up of sustainable processes and, on the other, the use of biomass-derived materials. Solid catalysts have taken on a leading role in traditional petrochemical processes and could represent a key tool in new biorefinery-driven technologies.
biorefinery --- lignin --- citronellal --- biofuel production --- calcination temperature --- carbohydrates --- biomass valorization --- liquid phase reductive depolymerization --- terpenoids --- heterogeneous catalysis --- propylene glycol --- transition metals --- transfer hydrogenation --- acidic clays --- phenolic and aromatic compounds --- biofuels --- aqueous phase --- supported metals --- hybrid materials --- amination --- heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts --- CuZn catalysts --- catalytic materials --- terpenes --- Lewis acids --- surface functional groups --- value-added products --- carbon nanotubes --- ethylene glycol --- biochar-supported metal catalysts --- calcination atmosphere --- xylitol --- alditol --- HMF --- biomass --- metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) --- hydrothermal carbonization --- solid-acid catalyst --- NMR --- solid base catalyst --- catalytic transfer hydrogenation --- surface functionalization --- transesterification --- biomass conversion --- hydrogen donors --- hydrogenolysis --- octahydroacridines --- solid acids
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Increasing attention is being paid to the development of effective technologies for the sequestration of CO2 and its storage. Hopefully, this will result in processes that can lead to its valorisation as a chemical, e.g., for the regeneration of fuels, but also for the production of intermediates. These are usually energy demands and rather slow processes, requiring energy input and catalysts. Some examples are the innovative strategies for the hydrogenation, photoconversion, or electroreduction of carbon dioxide. This book collects original research papers, reviews, and commentaries focused on the challenges related to the valorisation and conversion of CO2.
microwaves --- dimethyl carbonate --- n/a --- dynamic reaction conditions --- catalysis --- water sorption --- alkali promoter --- Titania --- high pressure photocatalysis --- diatomite --- photoreduction --- catalyst preparation --- dehydration --- CO2 reduction --- photocatalysis --- CO2 hydrogenation --- carbon dioxide --- mechanochemistry --- CO2 electro-reduction --- surface oxidation-reduction --- operando XAS --- metal-carbon-CNF composites --- carbon nanofibers --- ultrasound --- carbon-based electrodes --- water diffusion --- alkali oxide --- quick-EXAFS --- H2 dropout --- CO2 methanation --- plastic waste
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This book collects articles published in a Special Issue of Molecules entitled "Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal-Catalysis". Transition metal catalysis is a powerful methodology for the direct synthesis of functionalized, high value-added molecules by the assembly of simple units in one step, and is acquiring increasing importance in modern organic synthesis. The book presents seven papers overall, two reviews and five original research articles, dealing with Pd-catalyzed arylation, Rh-catalyzed synthesis of organosulfur compounds, Rh-catalyzed reductive hydroformylation, V-catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbons, and Zn-, Pd- and Rh-catalyzed cyclization processes, leading to heterocyclic derivatives.
palladium --- indole --- indomethacin --- C-H functionalization --- sulfoximide --- C–H activation --- benzothiazine --- rhodium --- catalysis --- synthesis --- organosulfur compounds --- S-S bond cleavage --- chemical equilibrium --- reversible reaction --- alkynes --- annulation --- benzimidazoxazinones --- heterocycles --- polycyclic heterocycles --- heterocyclization --- zinc --- direct arylation --- pincer complexes --- vanadium(IV) complexes --- biological activity --- catalytic properties --- 8-hydroxyquinoline --- cytotoxicity studies --- hydroformylation --- hydrogenation --- tandem reaction --- n/a --- C-H activation
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