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Nanoparticles (NPs) offer unique properties for biomedical applications, leading to new nanomedicines. Recent examples of advanced nanoparticle-based nanomedicines are COVID-19 RNA vaccines. Regardless of the delivery route of the NPs into the body (intravenous or subcutaneous injection, oral, intranasal, etc.), NPs inevitably come into contact with immune cells, such as macrophages. Macrophages are phagocytizing cells that determine the fate and the lifetime of NPs in relevant biological fluids or tissues, which has consequences for both nanosafety and nanomedicine. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover recent advancements in our understanding of NP–macrophage interactions, with a focus on in vitro models for nanosafety and novel nanomedicine approaches that allow the modulation of the immunological profile of macrophages. The current Special Issue compiles nine papers: seven research articles and two review articles. The original articles include studies on the interaction of different nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), amorphous silica, gold nanoparticles, lipid carriers, and microspheres, with macrophages in different scenarios.

Medicine --- chronic wound --- device --- foot ulcer --- inflammation --- wound healing --- macrophage --- nanomaterial --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery --- immune system --- anti-inflammatory --- innate immunity --- osteoarthritis --- rifabutin --- nanostructured lipid carriers --- cell uptake --- Caco-2 cells --- oral administration --- Crohn’s disease --- nanomaterials --- macrophages --- class A type 1 scavenger receptors --- cytotoxicity --- macrophage–nanoparticle interaction --- monocytes --- gold nanoparticles --- in vitro models --- innate memory --- 2D cultures --- 3D cultures --- carbon nanotube --- scavenger receptor --- phagocytosis --- protein corona --- bovine serum albumin --- synthetic amorphous silica --- in vitro testing --- NR8383 alveolar macrophage --- ICP-MS analysis of cell bound SiO2 --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes --- nanoparticles --- chemokines --- transcriptomics --- zebrafish --- n/a --- Crohn's disease --- macrophage-nanoparticle interaction

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information theoretic analysis --- multiplexing system --- HSI for biology --- point target detection --- digital elevation model --- neural networks --- oxygen saturation --- black polymers --- PZT --- blood detection --- multivariate analysis --- integral imaging --- hemispherical conical reflectance factor (HCRF) --- sprouting --- fluorescence --- multitemporal hyperspectral images --- plant phenotyping --- hyperspectral data mining and compression --- Raman --- medical imaging by HSI --- compressive detection --- stereo imaging --- image processing --- wound healing --- quality control --- lossless compression --- infrared hyperspectral imaging --- spectral tracking --- time series --- remote sensing --- diabetic foot ulcer --- classification --- Raman spectroscopy --- imaging --- fingerprints --- fusion --- wavelength selection --- Cramer–Rao lower bound --- three-dimensional imaging --- chemical imaging --- CS-MUSI --- total variation --- coastal dynamics --- forward observation model --- hyperspectral imaging --- fluorescence hyperspectral imaging --- age determination --- potatoes --- painting samples --- predictive coding --- hyperspectral --- video --- bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) --- optimal binary filters --- watercolours --- deep learning --- spectroscopy --- moving vehicle imaging --- sorting --- maximum likelihood --- multivariate data analysis --- interval partial least squares --- disease detection --- Raman hyperspectral imaging --- primordial leaf count --- machine learning --- spatial light modulators (SLM) --- Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research (VCR LTER) --- digital micromirror device (DMD) --- hyperspectral microscopy --- alternating direction method of multipliers --- statistical methods for HSI --- multiband image fusion --- digital light processor (DLP) --- linear mixture model --- retouching pigments --- liquid crystal --- principal component analysis --- Chemometrics --- compressive sensing --- PLSR --- Hyperspectral imaging

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When the domestic government, the private sector, and people in various professional fields talk about long-term care issues, they all focus on creating a warm and home-like care institution. However, we actively emphasize the importance of community-based long-term care. For “aging in place”, the development of domestic non-institutional care is still in its infancy, and some long-term care needs must still be met through institutional care, and the facilitation of the extension or outreach of community-based care and respite service platforms for the development of community-based long-term care still rely on institutional care. The history of the development of long-term care in Taiwan is much shorter than that of Japan, Europe, the United States, and Canada. Despite years of hard work and rapid development, the long-term care resources needed to establish a complete system in terms of universalization, fairness, accessibility, and selectivity are not available. In the future, based on the soundness of institutional care, it hoped that outreach will move toward the goals of community care and aging in place. We hope the studies in this Special Issue will help further develop clinical medicine for healthcare and stainability.

sarcopenia --- bioimpedance analysis --- computed tomography --- discordance --- effect --- protection --- catheter --- hemodialysis --- meta-analysis --- trial sequential analysis --- Long-term oxygen therapy --- home mechanical ventilation --- patient-reported experience measures --- quality of care --- healthcare --- sustainability --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- health-related quality of life --- minimal clinically important difference --- survival --- serum urate --- menopause --- hypertension --- xanthine dehydrogenase --- cross-sectional cohort study --- diabetic foot ulcer --- peripheral arterial disease --- incidence --- prevalence --- cost --- National Health Insurance Service data --- erythrodermic psoriasis --- secukinumab --- addiction --- smoking --- alcohol --- cannabis --- virtual reality --- musculoskeletal disorders --- randomized controlled tria --- ceftaroline --- ceftriaxone --- community-acquired pneumonia --- safety --- eravacycline --- complicated intra-abdominal infection --- efficacy --- mortality --- laparoscopic --- open surgery --- non-metastatic colorectal cancer --- surgical complication --- oncologic outcome --- single surgeon experience --- doripenem --- acute bacterial infection --- pneumonia --- intra-abdominal infection --- complicated urinary tract infection --- ultrasound-guided injection --- laser assisted --- long-axis injection --- chronic disease --- multimorbidity --- suicidal thoughts --- suicidal plans --- stroke --- post-acute care --- medical referral system --- propensity score matching --- resistance training --- arterial pressure --- disease prevention --- caffeine --- older adults --- frailty --- medication --- primary care --- white matter hyperintensity --- MRI --- healthcare quotient --- chronic --- older adults living in super-aging society --- mild cognitive impairment --- walking speed --- depression --- urinary tract infection --- rapid culture --- antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), evidence-based prescription --- antibiotics --- antimicrobial resistance (AMR), rapid diagnostics --- prediction --- deep learning --- conventional neural network --- bariatric surgery --- hospital emergency department --- queuing theory --- decision support --- cost optimization --- health behavior --- socioeconomic status --- Korea --- cardiovascular disease --- postprandial --- hypotension --- blood pressure --- elderly --- lung cancer --- physical activity --- season --- preoperative --- wearable --- macrosomia --- large for gestational age --- machine learning --- ensemble methods --- sensitivity --- specificity --- clinical deterioration --- early medical intervention --- electronic health records --- hospital rapid response team --- intensive care units --- medical records system --- computerized --- osteoporosis screening --- artificial intelligence --- convolutional neural networks --- dental panoramic radiographs --- palliative care --- nursing homes --- symptom assessment --- drug therapy --- therapeutics --- longitudinal studies --- occupational medicine --- forensic medicine --- insurance medicine --- psychoactive substances --- clinical --- forensic --- law --- ethics --- uric acid --- risk factor --- epidemiology --- cardiometabolic diseases --- healthcare and sustainability --- therapy of internal medicine diseases