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Book
Recognising Non-Formal and Informal Learning : Outcomes, Policies and Practices
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1282640224 9786612640223 9264063854 9264063846 Year: 2010 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

Although learning often takes place within formal settings and designated environments, a great deal of valuable learning also occurs either deliberately or informally in everyday life. Policy makers in OECD countries have become increasingly aware that non-formal and informal learning represents a rich source of human capital. Policies which recognise this can play a significant role in a coherent lifelong learning framework, and present practices can be improved to make the knowledge and competencies people acquire outside of formal schooling more visible. The challenge for policy makers is to develop processes for recognising such learning, processes that will generate net benefits both to individuals and to society at large. This report, based on an OECD review in 22 countries, explores the advantages of recognising non-formal and informal learning outcomes, takes stock of existing policies and practices, and recommends how to organise recognition of these learning systems.

Experience Curves for Energy Technology Policy
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 1280035420 9786610035427 9264182160 9264176500 Year: 2000 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

The fact that market experience improves performance and reduces prices is well known and widely exploited in technology-intensive industries, but sparsely used in analysis for energy technology policy. Knowledge of the “experience effect” can help in the design of efficient programmes for deploying of environment-friendly technologies. The effect must be taken into account when estimating the future costs of achieving targets, including targets for carbon dioxide reduction. This book discusses issues raised by the “experience effect”, such as price-cost cycles, competition for learning opportunities in the market, risk of “technology lockout” and the effects of research, development and deployment policies on technology learning. Case studies illustrate how experience curves can be used to set policy targets and to design policy measures that will encourage both investment in and use of environment-friendly energy technologies. Low-cost paths to stabilising CO2 emissions are explored.


Book
Art, science, and the politics of knowledge
Author:
ISBN: 0262369583 0262369591 0262543680 Year: 2022 Publisher: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press,

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