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Online Distance Education provides a systematic overview of the major issues, trends, and areas of priority in research on online distance education. Intended as a primary reference and guide for educators, researchers, and policymakers, it addresses issues of cost and economics, social justice, cultural impacts, professional development for faculty, and the management and growth of learner communities.

Distance education --- Research --- Computer-assisted instruction --- Research. --- Distance learning --- Education --- Open learning --- Telecommunication in education --- Open University. --- dropout. --- educational technology. --- faculty support. --- globalization. --- instructional design. --- learning communities. --- lifelong learners. --- quality assurance: OUUK. --- social justice.

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The ongoing digitalization of the energy sector, which will make a large amount of data available, should not be viewed as a passive ICT application for energy technology or a threat to thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, in the light of the competition triggered by data mining and machine learning techniques. These new technologies must be posed on solid bases for the representation of energy systems and fluid machinery. Therefore, mathematical modelling is still relevant and its importance cannot be underestimated. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect contributions about mathematical modelling of energy systems and fluid machinery in order to build and consolidate the base of this knowledge.

centrifugal pump --- double hidden layer --- Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm --- performance prediction --- thermal energy storage --- stratification --- dynamic simulation --- heating --- double-channel sewage pump --- critical wall roughness --- numerical calculation --- external characteristics --- axial-flow pump --- impeller --- approximation model --- optimization design --- multi-disciplinary --- blade slot --- orthogonal test --- numerical simulation --- Francis turbine --- anti-cavity fins --- draft tube --- vortex rope --- low flow rates --- internal flow characteristics --- unsteady pressure --- energy recovery --- turboexpander --- throttling valves --- CFD --- modelling techniques --- Kaplan turbine --- draft tube optimization --- CFD analysis --- DOE --- response surface --- single-channel pump --- CFD-DEM coupling method --- particle features and behaviors --- solid-liquid two-phase flows --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- subcooled boiling flows --- uncertainty quantification (UQ) --- Monte Carlo dropout --- deep ensemble --- deep neural network (DNN) --- intake structures --- physical hydraulic model --- free surface flow --- free surface vortices --- vertical pump --- design considerations --- magnetocaloric effect --- coefficient of performance --- refrigeration --- capacity --- mathematical modelling --- energy systems

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It is impossible to imagine the modern world without sensors, or without real-time information about almost everything—from local temperature to material composition and health parameters. We sense, measure, and process data and act accordingly all the time. In fact, real-time monitoring and information is key to a successful business, an assistant in life-saving decisions that healthcare professionals make, and a tool in research that could revolutionize the future. To ensure that sensors address the rapidly developing needs of various areas of our lives and activities, scientists, researchers, manufacturers, and end-users have established an efficient dialogue so that the newest technological achievements in all aspects of real-time sensing can be implemented for the benefit of the wider community. This book documents some of the results of such a dialogue and reports on advances in sensors and sensor systems for existing and emerging real-time monitoring applications.

IR-UWB radar sensor --- movement disorder --- hyperactivity --- actigraphy --- fertilizer --- phosphorus element --- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy --- chemometrics --- high temperature pipe --- pipe wall thinning --- flow accelerated corrosion --- freeze-drying process diagnosis --- ultrasonic transducer (UT) --- freezing/drying point --- drying period --- electrostatic sensor --- digital approach --- rotational speed --- correlation algorithm --- underground structure safety --- train tracking --- incursion detection --- ultra-weak FBG --- distributed vibration --- dynamic measurement --- turbidity --- low-cost --- continuous water quality monitor --- water --- particle detection --- sensitivity --- resonance --- amorphous core --- signal extraction --- support vector regression --- grid method --- genetic algorithm --- particle swarm optimization --- least squares --- railway crossing --- condition monitoring --- condition indicator --- correlation analysis --- weather impact --- numerical verification --- smartphone colorimetrics --- lateral flow assay quantification --- color space --- image correction --- food contaminant screening --- allergens --- background correction --- point of site analyses --- soil salinity --- soil water content --- FDR sensor --- soil pore water electrical conductivity --- sensor calibration and validation --- real time monitoring --- diesel engine --- condition recognition --- CNN --- LSTM --- adaptive dropout --- parallel position --- bridge structure --- temperature --- vibrating wire strain sensor --- traveling wave ultrasonic motor --- pre-pressure --- contact state --- power dissipation --- optimization criterion --- wheel-rail impact --- train hunting --- railway track maintenance --- highly nonlinear solitary waves --- nondestructive evaluation --- wireless sensing --- Bluetooth technology --- water quality --- real-time monitoring --- multisensor system --- molecularly imprinted polymers --- functionalised coating --- microwave spectroscopy --- body condition score --- 3D surface roughness parameters --- rotary parlor --- 3D camera --- regression analysis --- satellite compass --- accuracy --- spectrum analysis --- Fourier transform

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The book provides a rich, informative picture of the current state of student engagement evaluation, while also highlighting challenges and opportunities for future advances. A particular strength of this publication is its emphasis on the importance of taking evidence-based decisions, and showing how the South African Survey of Student Engagement (SASSE) can provide the evidence for well-informed changes in policy and practice in order to enhance student success." - Prof Magda Fourie-Malherbe, Stellenbosch University

Higher & further education, tertiary education --- Academics --- Academic achievement --- Academic advising --- Academic advisors --- Academic challenge --- Academic development --- Academic literacy --- Academic performance --- Academic support --- Access --- Academic staff (also see academics/Lecturers) --- Actionable --- Active learning --- Agency --- Aggregated --- Analyse --- Apply --- Ask questions --- Assessment --- Attitude --- Australasian Survey of Student Engagement (AUSSE) --- Beginning University Survey of Student Engagement (BUSSE) --- Benchmarking --- Bloom’s taxonomy --- Business --- economics and management --- Campus environment --- Capacity --- Career advisors --- Challenges --- Classroom activities --- Classroom Survey of Student Engagement (CLASSE) --- Co-curricular (also see extra-curricular) --- Cognitive --- Cognitive development --- Cognitive educational activities --- Cognitive functions --- Cognitive skills --- Collaborative learning --- Colleges --- Community college --- Comprehensive universities --- Conditional formatting --- Contextual --- Contextual challenges --- Contextualised --- Council on Higher Education (CHE) --- Course (module/subject) --- Critical thinking --- Culture --- Curriculum --- Data --- Data-informed --- Decision-making --- Decolonisation --- Deep learning --- Department chairs (heads of departments) --- Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) --- Development --- Developmental outcomes --- Diagnostic --- Disaggregating --- Discussions --- Discussion with diverse others --- Dropout --- Education outcomes --- Effective educational behaviours --- Effective educational practices --- Effective leadership --- Effective teaching practices --- Empirical --- Engagement – also see Student Engagement --- Engineering --- Equity --- Equitable outcomes --- Evaluate --- Evidence --- Evidence-based --- Expectations --- Expected academic difficulty --- Expected academic perseverance --- Experiential learning --- Experience with staff --- Extended degree --- Extended curricula --- Extra-curricular (also see co-curricular) --- Financial Stress Scale --- First-generation --- First-year --- Food --- Food insecurity --- Frequency --- Freshman myth --- Gender --- Graduate attributes (Learning outcomes) --- Group work --- Heads of departments --- High-Impact practices --- Higher education outcomes --- Higher-Order Learning --- Holistic --- Humanities --- Incentive --- Indicators --- Innovation --- Innovative --- Instructional paradigm --- Interactions --- Interventions --- Institutional culture --- Institutional performance --- Institutional research --- Institutional researchers --- Institution-wide approaches --- Interpersonal relationships --- Interpersonal skills --- Intersectional --- Intersectionality --- Irish Survey of Student Engagement (ISSE) --- Knowledge --- Knowledge society --- Language --- Law --- Leaders --- Leadership (management/university leadership) --- Learning --- Learning environments --- Learning facilitator --- Learning outcomes --- Learning paradigm --- Learning strategies --- Learning with peers --- Lecturer Survey of Student Engagement (LSSE) --- Lecturers (also see academics/academic staff) --- Librarians --- Management (University leaders and Leadership) --- Mathematics --- Memorisation --- Mentor --- Mentoring --- Mentorship --- Mission --- Module (course/subject) --- Motivation --- National Benchmark Tests (NBT) --- National Benchmark Test Project (NBTP) --- National Development Plan --- National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) --- Natural and Agricultural Sciences --- Next Generation of Academics Programme (nGAP) --- Numeracy development --- Off-campus --- On-campus --- Online resources --- Pathways --- Peer learning (also see Tutor) --- Pedagogical approaches --- Pedagogical contexts --- Pedagogical environments --- Pedagogical experiences --- Pedagogical innovation --- Pedagogical practices --- Pedagogical relationship --- Pedagogical responsiveness --- Pedagogies --- Perceived academic preparation --- Perceived preparedness --- Persistence --- Policies --- Policy --- Policy makers --- Practical significance --- Practical work --- Preparing for class --- Professional development --- Professionals --- Professional staff --- Quadrant --- Quality --- Quality assurance --- Quality of interactions --- Quantitative reasoning --- Reflection --- Reflective and integrative learning --- Relationships --- Research --- Responsiveness --- Resources --- Retention --- Science --- engineering and technology --- Self-reflection --- Senior students --- Service learning --- Social sciences --- Socio-economic --- South African Survey(s) of Student Engagement (SASSE) --- Staff development (also academic development and lecturer development) --- Stakeholder --- Strategies --- Statistical --- Student affairs --- Student behaviour --- Student bodies --- Student data --- Student development --- Student engagement --- Student evaluation --- Student financial aid --- Student involvement --- Student learning --- Student life --- Student needs --- Student outcomes --- Student organisations --- Student perspective --- Student participation --- Student performance --- Student persistence --- Student retention --- Student responses --- Student societies --- Student-staff interaction --- Student success --- Student views --- Student voice --- Success rates --- Subject (course/module) --- Support services --- Support staff --- Supportive campus --- Supportive environment --- Synthesise --- Systemic perspective --- Systemic understanding --- Teaching --- Teaching and learning --- Techniques --- Time --- Time management --- Traditional universities --- Transformation --- Transformative --- Transition --- Tutor --- Tutorials --- Undergraduate research --- Underprepared --- United States --- University Capacity Development Grant (University Capacity Development Programme) --- Universities --- Universities of Technology --- University leaders --- Unrealistic --- Well-being