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Chemistry --- General and Others --- Polymers and Plastics --- Adsorption --- adsorption --- desorption --- surface chemistry --- materials science --- fluid dynamics --- Sorption --- Separation (Technology) --- Surface chemistry --- Physicochemistry --- Quantum chemistry
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The book represents a collection of papers from Special Issue “Formation of Advanced Nanomaterials by Gas-Phase Aggregation” published in journal Applied Nano. It contains review and original articles covering a range of topics on the growth of clusters/nanoparticles using gas-phase aggregation approaches, the application of cluster beams for the formation of nanomaterials with advanced properties and specific nanostructures as well as providing new fundamental insights on nanoscale properties of materials.
silver nanoparticles --- nano-PALDI MS --- SALDI MS --- laser desorption --- gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles --- cluster sources --- nanomaterials prepared by gas aggregation --- polymer/metal nanocomposites --- electroactive actuators --- soft robotics --- biosensors --- chemical sensors --- gas phase --- gas sensors --- nanoparticles --- sputtering --- strain sensors --- core@shell nanoparticles --- CoCr nanoparticles --- cluster ion beam --- nanostructures --- potassium titanyl phosphate --- atomic force microscopy --- power spectral density function --- n/a
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This Special Issue reprint covers the most recent advances in nanoalloy electrocatalysts, concerning not only the synthesis, characterization, and modeling, but especially reports of their activity, functionality, durability, and low cost.
oxygen reduction reaction --- molybdenum carbide --- carbon nanotubes --- carbon xerogel --- alkaline fuel cell --- bifunctional catalyst --- electroless deposition --- fuel cells --- heterogeneous catalysis --- preparation --- carbon nanotube networks --- electrocatalysis --- desorption spectrometry --- hydrogen storage --- nanometrology --- graphene --- nanotubes thread --- palladium --- trimetallic catalysts --- nanoparticle --- borohydride oxidation --- direct borohydride peroxide fuel cell --- kinetic parameters --- intermetallic XRD patterns --- alloy formation --- ethanol electrooxidation --- metal segregation --- borohydride reduction --- n/a
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The triple-R model (reduce, reuse, and recycle) is the essential concept of the circular economy. Due to population growth, the recovery of added-value products from wastes has become a challenge. Wastewaters of different origin (urban, industrial, mining, textile, distillery, and microbial culture, among others) are rich in energy, water, and nutrient sources that can be recovered and reused within a circular economy framework. Recently, wastewater treatment plants have been converted into biofactories, since they can convert waste into new products (water, nutrients, fertilizers, biomethane, electricity, heat, etc.) with a minimal environmental impact. In this context, adsorption and ion-exchange, as well as the integration of both processes, have been proposed as promising technologies for the treatment of wastewaters for resource recovery. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue, entitled “Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption and/or Ion-Exchange Processes for Resource Recovery”, is to promote these two processes as innovative and environmentally friendly alternatives for the recovery of secondary raw materials from by-products or waste streams. These processes could improve the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the currently used wastewater treatment techniques.
clay --- dye --- adsorption --- isotherm --- kinetics --- hydroxyapatite --- calcium carbonate --- coating --- heavy metal sorption --- groundwater remediation --- adsorption technology --- ultra-sonication --- phosphate removal --- granular ferric hydroxide --- micro-sized adsorbents --- organic acid --- circular economy --- optimization process --- bio-economy --- response surface methodology --- corn stream --- surface-active compounds --- eco-adsorbents --- green membranes --- resource recovery --- hybrid biosorbent --- desorption --- thermodynamic --- nanofiltration --- n/a
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Throughout their life cycles—from production, usage, through to disposal—materials and products interact with the environment (water, soil, and air). At the same time, they are exposed to environmental influences and, through their emissions, have an impact on the environment, people, and health. Accelerated experimental testing processes can be used to predict the long-term environmental consequences of innovative products before these actually enter the environment. We are living in a material world. Building materials, geosynthetics, wooden toys, soil, nanomaterials, composites, wastes and more are research subjects examined by the authors of this book. The interactions of materials with the environment are manifold. Therefore, it is important to assess the environmental impact of these interactions. Some answers to how this task can be achieved are given in this Special Issue.
Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- environmental simulations --- polymer-based products --- artificial weathering --- degradation --- leaching --- soil contact --- carbon concrete composite --- irrigated construction elements --- environmental compatibility --- irrigated building materials --- environmental assessment --- evaluation concepts --- bio-based insulation --- earthen building materials --- volatile organic compounds --- semi-volatile organic compounds --- formaldehyde --- radon --- wooden toys --- emission test chamber --- flask method --- EN 717-3 --- microchamber --- Enchytraeids --- waterproof building materials --- ecotoxicology --- biotest --- geosynthetics --- geotextiles --- dynamic surface leaching test --- artificial ageing --- marine littering --- batch leaching test --- liquid-solid ratio --- column percolation test --- advection-dispersion model --- adsorption–desorption equilibrium --- clinoptilolite --- soil --- water --- CEC --- specific surface --- zeolitization --- hydrogen storage --- kinetics --- material life cycle assessment --- Eco-Indicator 99’ --- CML 2001 --- calcium phosphate --- calcium carbonate --- recycling --- environmental problems --- seashell --- leaching test --- equilibrium condition --- non-equilibrium condition --- modelling --- sorption kinetics --- non-linear sorption --- heterogeneity --- mineral recycling material --- compliance testing --- nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) --- engineered nanomaterial (ENM) --- sewage sludge incineration (SSI) --- ENM containing sewage sludge ash (SSA) --- column elution --- agricultural use --- n/a --- adsorption-desorption equilibrium --- Eco-Indicator 99'
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Pursuing a scalable production methodology for materials and advancing it from the laboratory to industry is beneficial to novel daily-life applications. From this perspective, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers a compromise between efficiency, controllability, tunability and excellent run-to-run repeatability in the coverage of monolayers on substrates. Hence, CVD meets all of the requirements for industrialization in basically all areas, including polymer coatings, metals, water-filtration systems, solar cells and so on. The Special Issue “Advances in Chemical Vapor Deposition” is dedicated to providing an overview of the latest experimental findings and identifying the growth parameters and characteristics of perovskites, TiO2, Al2O3, VO2 and V2O5 with desired qualities for potentially useful devices.
APCVD --- VO2 --- processing parameters --- 2D --- chemical vapor deposition --- atomic layer deposition --- aluminum oxide --- aluminum tri-sec-butoxide --- thin film --- carbon nanotubes --- residual gas adsorption --- residual gas desorption --- field emission --- atmospheric pressure CVD --- low pressure CVD --- hybrid CVD --- aerosol assisted CVD --- pulsed CVD --- perovskite photovoltaic nanomaterials --- stabilization --- structural design --- performance optimization --- solar cells --- anatase single crystals --- process-induced nanostructures --- competitive growth --- pp-MOCVD --- vanadium pentoxide --- electrochromic --- spray pyrolysis --- ammonium metavanadate --- CVD --- electrochromism --- perovskite photovoltaic materials --- TiO2 --- Al2O3 --- V2O5 --- computational fluid dynamics
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Soil contamination has been identified as one of the main threats to soil, inducing the degradation of global soils and driving long-term losses of the ecosystem services that they provide. As a result of human activities, the amount of soil contamination caused by heavy metal(loid)s has severely increased over the last few decades and has become a worldwide environmental issue that has attracted considerable public attention. Although many research efforts have highlighted how soil contamination is a global threat and provided an overview of the importance of healthy soil, there is still a great need for additional information from different regions around the world, and concrete strategies, which can be implemented to address the causes and impacts of this major threat, urgently need to be developed. In this context, this book was launched with the scope of bringing together articles presenting the development of novel science-based methods and applications that enhance the remediation of contaminated soil by focusing on the identification of the main sources of soil contamination caused by heavy metal(loid)s (HM)/potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in different soil types; the chemistry, potential mobility, and bioavailability of the contaminants that are commonly found in contaminated soils; the assessment of the negative impacts and risks associated with HM/PTE-induced soil contamination on crop yields; soil biota, food security, and human health; and the available methods and strategies for monitoring, assessing, and remediating soils that have been contaminated by HM/PTEs.
PTE --- anthropogenic soils --- Technosols --- trace elements --- heavy metals --- urban agriculture --- heavy metal availability --- enrichment factor --- redox --- biochar --- cadmium --- lead --- contaminated paddy soil --- short- and long-term mechanisms --- ACC deaminase --- heavy metal stress --- PGPR --- fertilizers --- nutrients --- yield --- selenium --- acid soils --- alkaline soils --- adsorption --- desorption --- Freundlich --- Langmuir --- Mediterranean soils --- vehicular emissions --- road age --- diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) --- metal dissociation time (Tc) --- wheat assay --- optimised linear model --- biochar application rates --- metal accumulation --- nitrogen --- ryegrass --- n/a
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The development of effective treatment methods or the synthesis of new effective adsorbents capable of selective sorption of toxic substances is now of great importance. This reprint contains articles focused on wastewater treatment containing heavy metal ions, and hormones from synthetic and real solutions using different types of adsorbent, such as synthetic ion exchangers, natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, zeolites, magnetic multiwall carbon nanotubes, biosorbents, imprinted polymers, and magnetic adsorbents, as well as cost estimation of activated carbon production from waste nutshells by physical activation could be found.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- economic evaluation --- production cost --- nutshell waste --- activated carbon --- magnetic multiwall carbon nanotube --- adsorption --- kinetics --- isotherm --- thermodynamic --- lead --- date seeds --- thermodynamics --- T. longibrachiatum --- T. fasciculatum --- bioadsorption --- cadmium --- heavy metals --- isotherms --- bioadsorption mechanism --- mycoremediation --- amino group --- kinetic --- multifunction --- cation --- anion --- β-estradiol --- akaganeite nanorods --- adsorptive removal --- endocrine disruptors --- desirability function --- divalent cobalt --- Lemna gibba --- biosorption --- desorption --- SEM-EDX --- androgenic hormones --- solid-phase extraction --- molecularly imprinted polymers --- trenbolone --- nickel removal --- ion exchangers --- water pollution --- Lewatit MonoPlus TP220 --- lead (II) --- Azadirachta indica leaves --- water --- metals --- smectite --- kaolinite --- zeolites --- nanomaterials --- remediation --- bioelectrochemical systems --- wastewater --- nanocomposites
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The anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) to water bodies continues to increase worldwide, in many cases leading to increased eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Determining the sources of P and the biogeochemical processes responsible for this increase is often difficult because of the complexity of the inputs and pathways, which vary both in spatial and temporal scales. In order to effectively develop strategies to improve water quality, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of P pools with biological uptake and cycling under varied soil and water conditions. In this ebook, eight chapters cover the various aspects of basic-applied research on mineral–P interaction and how these reactions impact P mobilization, bioavailability, transfer, and speciation of P in different soil matrices using advanced analytical methods. Some of these methods include the application of XANES and field-based research related to stream bank legacy nutrients; natural and anthropogenic eutrophication and its relationship to climate change; and the evaluation of the impact of P due to (i) grazing systems, (ii) weathering and vegetation, and iii) soil and manure management practices. In addition, two review chapters take a holistic approach to cover an expansive area of P transformation processes along the cropland–riparian–stream continuum and the assessment of legacy P. Together, these contributions improve our current understanding of the reactions and processes that impact P concentration, speciation, cycling, loss, and transfer from agroecosystems.
eutrophication --- phosphorus --- water quality --- sediment --- dissolved oxygen --- phosphorus mobilization --- climate change --- algae bloom --- legacy sediments --- equilibrium phosphorus concentration --- sorption --- desorption --- anoxic --- chemical P extraction --- microanalysis --- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy --- soil P --- vertical and horizontal P distribution --- runoff water --- exclusions --- strategic grazing --- dissolved reactive phosphorus --- total phosphorus --- soil test phosphorus --- soil stratification --- soil fertility --- phosphorus cycling --- weathering --- iron speciation --- biogeochemistry --- legacy phosphorus --- speciation --- transformation --- accessibility --- best management practices --- corn silage --- erosion --- nutrient management --- liquid manure --- surface runoff --- agriculture --- riparian buffers --- critical source areas --- overland flow --- hydropedology --- snowmelt --- streamflow --- tile drainage --- phosphorus kinetics --- Fe-Al-hydroxide mixtures --- histidine --- malic acid --- n/a
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Many agricultural crops worldwide suffer from zinc (Zn) deficiency. Despite widespread interest in Zn, plant professionals often lack current information on this indispensable essential mineral nutrient. G. Hacisalihoglu, PhD, in Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants, and a host of recognized experts address this gap with the up-to-date importance of Zn nutrition. This book examines research aimed at understanding how plants uptake and utilize Zn. It has been peer-reviewed and multi-authored by expert plant biology scientists with related expertise. The editor provides a comprehensive overview of zinc (Zn) nutrition in plants, seeds, roots, and soil, which renders this book a good reference for plant biology professionals. Agricultural sustainability in the time of the growing world population will be one of the major challenges in the next 30 plus years. Zn is one of the most important essential mineral nutrients required for metabolic processes, so a shortage of Zn constrains crop yield and quality worldwide. Zinc efficiency and higher growth and yield under low Zn supply make it a promising sustainable solution for developing cultivars that are zinc efficient. Several articles are included in this book that provide an overview of current developments and trends in the times of high-throughput genomics and phenomics data analysis. Furthermore, this book presents research findings in various experimental models and areas ranging from maize to alfalfa, flax, and sorghum.Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants is a must read for researchers and plant biology professionals.
zinc --- sustainability --- food security --- seed quality --- zinc efficiency --- staple foods --- crops --- functional genomics --- homeostasis --- hormonal regulation --- iron --- maize --- malnutrition --- photosynthesis --- Adsorption --- desorption --- landscape position --- isotherm --- plant available Zn --- bioindication --- bryophytes --- moss --- cell shape --- particulate matter --- biofortification --- micronutrients --- nutrient uptake --- plant nutrition --- ZIP transporters --- nicotianamine --- metal tolerance protein (MTP) --- yellow stripe-like protein (YSL) --- zinc-induced facilitators (ZIF) --- heavy metal transporters (HMA) --- sodium selenate --- zinc sulfate --- cereal --- rainfed conditions --- forage yield --- 65Zn --- soil --- soil solution --- barley --- lability --- specific activity --- potential buffer capacity --- forms --- labile zinc pool --- silicon --- Zn-deficiency --- Zn-sufficiency --- Zn re-fertilization --- n/a --- nutrient dense --- superfood --- multi minerals --- health benefits --- gluten free --- percent daily value --- elevated CO2
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