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Incommensurability is the impossibility to determine how two options relate to each other in terms of conventional comparative relations. This book features new research on incommensurability from philosophers who have shaped the field into what it is today, including John Broome, Ruth Chang and Wlodek Rabinowicz. The book covers four aspects relating to incommensurability. In the first part, the contributors synthesize research on the competing views of how to best explain incommensurability. Part II illustrates how incommensurability can help us deal with seemingly insurmountable problems in ethical theory and population ethics. The contributors address the Repugnant Conclusion, the Mere Addition Paradox and so-called Spectrum Arguments. The chapters in Part III outline and summarize problems caused by incommensurability for decision theory. Finally, Part IV tackles topics related to risk, uncertainty and incommensurability. Value Incommensurability: Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in ethical theory, decision theory, action theory, and philosophy of economics"-- Provided by publisher.
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In times of rapidly changing social worlds and an ever more fragile controllability of the law, international legal comparison obtains increasing relevance. Frequently, similar or even identical questions and problems must be answered and solved in different legal communities, but there is rarely a single answer or solution. For a decade, the Faculty of Law of the University of Göttingen and the Yonsei Law School in Seoul (Republic of Korea) have engaged in continuous dialogue about both current and fundamental questions of legal reform. In October 2018, the fifth German-Korean Symposium took place. The lectures and presentations covered highly relevant aspects of public environmental law, insolvency proceeding, law of criminal sanctions and law of the constitution of the criminal courts as well as computer crime, including historic and philosophical foundations of the law. This volume combines the elementary contributions and makes them accessible for the interested professional public. In einer Zeit der sich beschleunigt verändernden sozialen Welten und einer immer fragiler werdenden Steuerungsfähigkeit des Rechts gewinnt der internationale Rechtsvergleich wachsende Bedeutung: Nicht selten begegnen in verschiedenen Rechtsgemeinschaften ähnliche oder gar dieselben Fragen und Probleme, auf die es aber selten nur eine einzige Antwortmöglichkeit gibt. Schon seit einem Jahrzehnt befinden sich die Juristische Fakultät der Universität Göttingen mit der Yonsei Law School in Seoul (Südkorea) in einem kontinuierlichen Dialog über ebenso aktuelle wie grundlegende Reformfragen des Rechts. Im Oktober 2018 fand bereits zum fünften Mal ein deutsch-koreanisches Symposium statt; die Vorträge und Präsentationen umfassten zu diesem Anlass hochbedeutsame Aspekte des öffentlichen Umweltrechts, des Insolvenzverfahrens, des strafrechtlichen Sanktionen- und Strafgerichtsverfassungsrechts sowie der Computerkriminalität mitsamt ausgewählten historischen und philosophischen Grundlagen des Rechts. Die wesentlichen Beiträge sind in diesem Band zusammengeführt und werden der interessierten Fachöffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht.
law --- controllability --- comparison
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"Incommensurability is the impossibility to determine how two options relate to each other in terms of conventional comparative relations. This book features new research on incommensurability from philosophers who have shaped the field into what it is today, including John Broome, Ruth Chang and Wlodek Rabinowicz. The book covers four aspects relating to incommensurability. In the first part, the contributors synthesize research on the competing views of how to best explain incommensurability. Part II illustrates how incommensurability can help us deal with seemingly insurmountable problems in ethical theory and population ethics. The contributors address the Repugnant Conclusion, the Mere Addition Paradox and so-called Spectrum Arguments. The chapters in Part III outline and summarize problems caused by incommensurability for decision theory. Finally, Part IV tackles topics related to risk, uncertainty and incommensurability. Value Incommensurability: Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in ethical theory, decision theory, action theory, and philosophy of economics"-- Provided by publisher.
Comparison (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Identity (Philosophical concept)
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Quelle est l’utilité des comparaisons internationales en éducation ? Comment des comparaisons telles que PISA sont-elles reçues et utilisées dans notre pays à travers le temps ? Peut-on en tirer des leçons en termes de pratiques à importer ou exporter d’un système éducatif à l’autre ? Des questions telles que la dyslexie ou l’autonomie des écoles signifient-elles la même chose dans n’importe quel pays ? Comme à l’occasion de chaque Entretien, des chercheurs et des praticiens confrontent dans ce volume leurs visions dans l’objectif de favoriser les interactions entre recherches universitaires et pratiques professionnelles.
Education --- éducation --- international --- comparaison --- PISA --- dyslexie --- education --- comparison --- dyslexia
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Comparisons affect various ways of perceiving and interpreting the world, characterized by distinct legitimization strategies and knowledge application routines by different actors. The contributors to this volume explore the link between change and practices of comparing, focusing on order, representation, and models. They delve into how comparing influences knowledge production, but also focus on persisting orders of knowledge. This collection centers on the role of models and modeling in relation to practices of comparing, thus highlighting the representational and operational force of comparing as a way to form and organize reality.
Change. --- Comparison (Philosophy). --- HISTORY / World. --- Art History. --- Bielefeld University Press. --- Cultural History. --- Global History. --- Knowledge. --- Models. --- Science. --- Social History. --- Strategies of Legitimation. --- Comparison (Philosophy)
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This book compares things, objects, concepts, and ideas. It is also about the practical acts of doing comparison. Comparison is not something that exists in the world, but a particular kind of activity. Agents of various kinds compare by placing things next to one another, by using software programs and other tools, and by simply looking in certain ways. Comparing like this is an everyday practice. But in the social sciences, comparing often becomes more burdensome, more complex, and more questions are asked of it. How, then, do social scientists compare? What role do funders, their tools, and databases play in social scientific comparisons? Which sorts of objects do they choose to compare and how do they decide which comparisons are meaningful? Doing comparison in the social sciences, it emerges, is a practice weighed down by a history in which comparison was seen as problematic. As it plays out in the present, this history encounters a range of other agents also involved in doing comparison who may challenge the comparisons of social scientists themselves. This book introduces these questions through a varied range of reports, auto-ethnographies, and theoretical interventions that compare and analyse these different and often intersecting comparisons. Its goal is to begin a move away from the critique of comparison and towards a better comparative practice, guided not by abstract principles, but a deeper understanding of the challenges of practising comparison.
Social sciences --- Comparison (Philosophy) --- Methodology --- Comparative method --- Philosophy --- Identity (Philosophical concept) --- Logic --- Methodology. --- Comparative method.
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L’utilisation des enquêtes PISA comme outil de régulation des politiques éducatives suscite débats et controverses sur la scène scolaire internationale. Tous les trois ans, PISA évalue les compétences des élèves au terme de leur scolarité obligatoire puis compare les résultats des pays participants dans le but de tirer des conclusions sur leurs systèmes éducatifs et d’identifier d’éventuels facteurs de succès. L’enjeu est de déterminer dans quelle mesure les élèves disposent des connaissances et des outils nécessaires à leur insertion dans la société moderne et au développement de celle-ci. Suivant le même principe, la Suisse s’est soumise à une enquête PISA supplémentaire à l’échelle nationale afin de disposer de données plus approfondies sur chacun de ses cantons. Nous nous intéresserons à la Suisse romande, où la revendication de l’objectif de promotion de modèles efficaces et équitables peine à faire l’unanimité. Qu’en est-il des cantons du Valais et de Genève en particulier, où les résultats des élèves apparaissent très contrastés ? Cet ouvrage propose une analyse des quatre premières enquêtes PISA dans ces deux cantons afin de déterminer d’où proviennent ces différences de performance, d’identifier les raisons qui expliquent le scepticisme existant au sujet de PISA et d’établir d’éventuelles relations entre les résultats PISA et certaines mesures appliquées au plan des politiques éducatives régionales et cantonales.
Education & Educational Research --- PISA --- systèmes éducatifs --- Harmos --- comparaison --- education systems --- comparison
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Die 1972 von den Frankfurter Slavisten Olexa Horbatsch und Gerd Freidhof begründete Reihe Specimina philologiae Slavicae wird heute von Holger Kuße (Dresden), Peter Kosta (Potsdam), Beatrix Kreß (Hildesheim), Franz Schindler (Gießen), Barbara Sonnenhauser (Zürich) und Nadine Thielemann (Wien) herausgeben. In der Reihe erscheinen Monographien, Sammelbände und Lehrbücher zu allen Gebieten der Slavistik, der Sprach-, der Literatur- und der Kulturwissenschaft. In der Sprachwissenschaft erscheinen sowohl sprachhistorische als auch innovative Arbeiten zur Pragmatik und Semantik, zu slavischen Kleinsprachen und zur Diskurslinguistik. In der Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft gehört zu den besonderen Interessensgebieten die Russische Philosophie.
České --- comparison --- Czech --- Degrees --- Linguistik --- Literatur --- Marvan --- Philologie --- Slawistik --- Sprachwissenschaft --- stupňování
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It ist the aim of this study to present a comparative point of view those aspects of nihilism which were detected in both novels, and to inquire into their roots, circumstances end effects.
Bonaventura --- Comparison --- Dostoevsky --- Erzählung --- from --- Literaturwissenschaft --- Nachtwachen --- Nihilism --- Nihilismus --- Notes --- Pribić --- Russland --- Slavische Sprachwissenschaft --- Underground
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